tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35422580630011263662024-03-05T18:31:40.893-08:00Asuhan Keperawatanreferensi asuhan keperawatanAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-5208096152296359012013-05-15T18:10:00.001-07:002013-05-15T18:10:11.180-07:00Cara Menghitung Tetesan Infus - Cairan InfusJika seseorang mengalami dehidrasi, maka tindakan yang paling tepat adalah dilakukan rehidrasi atau mengganti cairan tubuh yang hilang.<br />
<br />
<br />
Pemberian cairan melalui infus merupakan tindakan memasukkan cairan
melalui intravena yang dilakukan pada pasien dengan bantuan perangkat
infus. Tindakan ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan cairan dan
elektrolit serta sebagai tindakan pengobatan dan pemberian makanan.<br />
<br />
Berikut penjelasan dan contoh bagaimana cara menghitung tetesan cairan infus:<br />
<br />
<b>a. Dewasa: (makro dengan 20 tetes/ml)</b><br />
<br />
Rumus TPM = <u> 1 </u> x <u> cc </u> = <u> cc </u> <br />
3 Jam 3 x Jam<br />
<br />
dari mana mendapat 1/3 diatas,<br />
angka tersebut didapat dari ; <u>20 tetes untuk 1cc </u><br />
60 menit untuk 1 jamnya <br />
<br />
Contoh:<br />
Seorang pasien dewasa dipasang Infus set Makro diperlukan rehidrasi
dengan 1000 ml (2 botol) dalam 1 jam atau mendapat advis dari dokter
1000ml/1jam, maka tetesan per menit adalah:<br />
<br />
TETESAN PERMENIT= 1000 ml /3 X 1 = 333tetes/menit<br />
<br />
<b>b. Anak: (mikro dengan 60 tetes/ml)</b><br />
<br />
Rumus TPM = <u> 1 </u> x <u> cc </u> = <u> cc </u> <br />
1 Jam Jam<br />
<br />
dari mana mendapat 1/1 diatas,<br />
angka tersebut didapat dari ; <u> 60 tetes untuk 1cc </u><br />
60 menit untuk 1 jamnya<br />
<br />
Contoh:<br />
Seorang pasien neonatus dipasang Infus set Mikro diperlukan rehidrasi
dengan 250 ml dalam 2 jam atau mendapat advis dari dokter 250ml/2jam,
maka tetesan per menit adalah:<br />
<br />
TETESAN PERMENIT (MIKRO) = 250 / 2 = 125tetes/menit<b><br />
</b><br />
<br />
<b>c. Pasien dengan Tranfusi: (tranfusi dengan 15 tetes/ml)</b><br />
<br />
Rumus TPM = <u> 1 </u> x <u> cc </u> = <u> cc </u> <br />
4 Jam 4 x Jam<br />
<br />
dari mana mendapat 1/4 diatas,<br />
angka tersebut didapat dari ; <u> 15 tetes untuk 1cc </u><br />
60 menit untuk 1 jamnya<br />
<br />
Contoh:<br />
Seorang pasien dipasang Tranfusi set diperlukan rehidrasi dengan 1000 ml
(2 botol) dalam 1 jam atau mendapat advis dari dokter 1000ml/1jam,
maka tetesan per menit adalah:<br />
<br />
TETESAN PERMENIT= 1000 ml /4 X 1 = 250tetes/menit<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>PEMBUKTIAN (Crosscheck)</b><br />
<br />
<br />
untuk membenarkan rumus tersebut maka kita harus cek kebenarannya, kita ambil contoh salah satu dari contoh Tranfusi diatas;<br />
<br />
<br />
Pasien dengan Tranfusi set (15 tetes = 1cc = 1ml), mendapat 15 TPM maka
jika pasien mendapat tetesan tersebut dalam 1 jam akan mendapat 60ml,
jika 250 TPM maka 1 jam nya akan mendapat berapa ml???<br />
<br />
<br />
1 jam<br />
<br />
15 TPM ----------> 60ml maka X = <u>250</u> x 60 = 1000ml<br />
250TPM ----------> Xml 15<br />
<br />
<br />
maka rumus diatas terbukti dan cocok untuk dipakai, saya berharap Ilmu
Hitung diatas dapat membantu Petugas Medis, Rekan kerja saya, Partner
kerja saya dan juga mungkin Teman Sejawat saya.<br />
Terima kasih sudah membuka dan membaca blog saya... jika terdapat kesalahan atau kekurangan mohon Saran dan Kritiknya
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-4836802837072384212012-10-01T02:19:00.003-07:002012-10-01T02:19:57.758-07:00BENIGNA PROSTATE HIPERPLASI BESERTA PATHWAY WOC<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b>TINJAUAN
TEORI </b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Benigna prostate hiperplasi (BPH) adalah pembesaran
secara progresif dari kelenjar prostate (secara umum pada pria lebih dari 50
tahun) menyebabkan berbagai derajat abstruksi uretral dan pembatasan aliran
urinarius (Doenges, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Benigna prostate hiperplasi (BPH) adalah pembesaran
prostate yang menyumbat uretra, menyebabkan gangguan urinarius (sandra M.
nettina, 2002) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Etiologi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Sampai saat ini, etiologi benigna prostate hiperplasi belum di ketahui
secara pasti penyebab terjadinya. Tetapi hipotesis menyebutkan bahawa
hiperplasi prostate erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan kadar dehidrotestoteron
(DTH) dan proses aging (menjadi tua). (Arief mansjoer, et al, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Beberapa hipotesis yang diduga sebagai penyebab timbulnya hiperplasi
prostate adalah :</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Adanya perubahan keseimbangan antara hormon
testosterone dan estrogen pada usia lanjut</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Peranan dari growth faktor sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan
stroma Kelenjar prostate </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Meningkatkannya lama hidup sel-sel prostate karena
berkurangnya sel yang mati.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Proliferasi abnormal sel stem sehingga menyebabkan
produksi sel stroma dan epitel Kelenjar prostate menjadi berlebihan </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Klasifikasi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Menurut R. Sjamsuhidayat dan wim de jong, 2002</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 552px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Derajat</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.2pt;" valign="top" width="340">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Colok dubur</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.5pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Sisa volume
urine </div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
I</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
II</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
III</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
IV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 255.2pt;" valign="top" width="340">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Penonjolan
prostate, batas atas mudah diraba</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Penonjolan
prostate jelas, batas atas dapat dicapai</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Batas atas
prostate tidak dapat diraba</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Batas atas
prostate tidak dapat diraba</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.5pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
< 50 ml</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
50 – 100 ml</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
> 100 ml</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
retansi urine
total </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tanda dan gejala </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Frekuensi : sering miksi / kencing</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sering terbangun untuk miksi pada malam hari</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perasaan ingin miksi yang mendesak</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri pada saat miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pancaran urine melemah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rasa tidak puas sehabis miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Harus mengejan saat miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Patofisiologi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Proses pembesaran prostate ini terjadi secara perlahan-lahan, sehingga
perubahan pada saluran kemih juga terjadi penyempitan lumen uretra prostatika
dan akan menghambat aliran urine, keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan
intravesikal. Untuk dapat mengeluarkan urine, buli-buli harus berkontraksi
lebih kuat guna melawan tahanan tersebut. Kontraksi yang terus menerus ini
menyebabkan perubahan anatomik dari buli-buli berupa hipertrofi otot detrusor
(menebal dan meregang) sehingga terbentuklah selula, sekula dan divertikel
buli-buli.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Fase penebalan detrusor ini disebut juga fase kompensasi. Dan apa bila
berlanjut, maka detrusor akan mengalami kelelahan dan akhirnya mengalami
dekompensasi dan tidak mampu lagi untuk berkontraksi, sehingga terjadi retensio
urine yang selanjutnya dapat menyebabkan hidronefrosis dan disfungsi saluran
kemih atas. (Arief Manjoer, et al, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Turp merupakan pembedahan bph yang paling sering di lakukan dimana endoskopi
dimasukkan melalui penis (uretra). Cara ini cocok untuk hyperplasia yang kecil.
Reseksi Kelenjar prostate dilakukan ditrans-uretra yang dapat mengiritasi
mukosa kandung kencing sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perdarahan, untuk
itu tindakan ini mempergunakan cairan irigasi (pembilas) agar daerah yang
direseksi tidak tertutup darah <span style="color: black;">(<a href="http://www.medikastore.com/"><span style="color: black;">www.medikastore.com</span></a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Turp mempunyai beberapa keuntungan antara lain (Doengoes, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Lama operasi lebih singkat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tidak menimbulkan sayatan sehingga resiko infeksi
akibat luka dapat diminimalkan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Penyulit Turp </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
(Doengoes, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Selama operasi = perdarahan sindroma turp</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pasca bedah = perdarahan, infeksi local atau sistemik </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pathway</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiueIp9M4GALPIbZs4lyGTjrJLLmOOc1w1lU1hrHVDCVTqX_SNVm1KkPmgee6iNWvnnKKE_L65kzFxeXE68p73lfvhOFiWORcdUqMGaWk9MYcqS9jaVBeyR6u_HlzRldWuwwYDsnPfsTCyR/s1600/pathway.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiueIp9M4GALPIbZs4lyGTjrJLLmOOc1w1lU1hrHVDCVTqX_SNVm1KkPmgee6iNWvnnKKE_L65kzFxeXE68p73lfvhOFiWORcdUqMGaWk9MYcqS9jaVBeyR6u_HlzRldWuwwYDsnPfsTCyR/s640/pathway.bmp" width="593" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">G.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pemeriksaan diagnostic (marilyn E. Doenges dan Mary
FrancMoushouse, 2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.15pt; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -65.45pt;">
IVP <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: menunjukkan perlambatan pengosongan kandung kemih,
membedakan derajat obstruksi kandung kemih dan adanya pembesaran prostate,
divertikuli kandung kemih dan penebalan abnormal otot kandung kemih </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.15pt; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -65.45pt;">
Sistourretrografi: digunakan
sebagai ganti IVP untuk memvisualisasi kandung kemih dan uretra karena<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini menggunakan bahan kontras local.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.15pt; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -65.45pt;">
Sistouretroskopi : untuk
menggambarkan derajat pembesaran prostate dan perubahan dinding kandung kemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 84.15pt; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -65.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">H.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Penatalaksanaan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Menurut R. Sjamsuhidayat dan wim de jong. 2002</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Derajat satu biasanya belum memerlukan tindakan
tindakan bedah, diberi pengobatan konservatif.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Derajat dua merupakan indikasi untuk melakukan
pembedahan biasanya dianjurkan reseksi endoskopik melalui uretra (trans
urethral resection / tur)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Derajat tiga reseksi endoskopik dapat dikerjakan, bila
diperkirakan prostate sudah cukup besar, reseksi tidak cukup 1 jam sbaiknya
dengan pembedahan terbuka, melalui trans vesikal retropublik/perianal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Derajat empat tindakan harus segera dilakukan
membebaskan klien dari retensi urine total dengan pemasangan kateter</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nursing Care Plan</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Pengkajian </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Menurut
Doegoes (2000)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sirkulasi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tekanan darah meningkat </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Eliminasi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Penurunan kekuatan/dorongan aliran urine, urine menetes</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Adanya keragu-raguan pada awal berkemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tidak mampu untuk mengosongkan kandung kemiih secara
tuntas adanya dorongan dan peningkatan frekuensi untuk berkemih </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nokturia, disuria, hematuria</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bila untuk duduk ada keinginan untuk berkemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri tekan kandung kemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Makanan/cairan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Anoreksia : mual, muntah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Penurunan berat badan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri/kenyamanan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Nyeri suprapubik, pinggul, punggung, sifat nyeri tajam dan kuat.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Nyeri punggung bawah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Keamanan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Demam </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Seksualitas </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Takut inkontensia/menetes selama melakukan hubungan intim</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Adanya penurunan kekuatan kontraksi ejakulasi </div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Diagnosa keperawatan </li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Retensi urine ybd obstrtuksi skd terhadap BPH (Nanda,
2002)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tujuan : tidak terjadi retensi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
KH : klien akan berkemih dengan jumlah yang cukup tak
teraba distensi vesika urinaria.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Klien akan menunjukkan residu pasca berkemih kurang dari 50 ml. dengan
tidak ada tetesan/kelebihan aliran</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Intervensi :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Dorongan klien untuk berkemih tiap 2-4 jam dan bila
tiba-tiba dirasakan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Observasi aliran urine, perhatikan ukuran dan kekuatan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Dikaji dan dicatat waktu dan jumlah tiap berkemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perkusi / palpast area suprapublik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ajarkan teknik relaksasi saat berkemih </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 77.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.4pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi untuk pemasangan kateter </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Cemas ybd kurangnya informasi skd terhadap tindakan
pembedahan. (Nanda, 2002)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tujuan : kecemasan klien berkurang setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
KH : menghubungkan peningkatan kenyamanan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Menggunakan mekanisme koping yang efektif</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Intervensi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 76.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji tingkat kecemasan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 76.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berikan informasi tentang prosedur yang akan dilakukan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 76.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Dorong pasien untuk menyatakan perasaannya</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 76.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Libatkan keluarga untuk memberikan dukungan pada klien</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri akut ybd agen injuri mekanik. (Nanda, 2002)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tujuan : nyeri dapat ditoleransi klien setelah dilakukan tindakan
keperawatan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
KH : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Klien rileks </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengungkapkan nyeri hilang atau terkontrol</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Skala nyeri 1-2</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Intervensi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji skala nyeri klien </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pertahankan tirah baring bila diindikasikan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berikan tindakan kenyamanan seperti Pijat punggung,
membantu klien melakukan tirah baring yang nyaman, mendorong penggunaan
relaksasi atau latihan nafas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berikan terapi analgetik </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Resiko infeksi ybd sisi masuknya mikroorganisme skd
terhadap prosedur dan alat invasive. (Nanda,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>2002)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tujuan : tidak terjadi infeksi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
KH : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tidak ada tanda-tanda infeksi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>TTV dalam batas normal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Intervensi :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perhatikan sistem kateter steril</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Awasi tanda vital</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji adanya tanda-tanda infeksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.35pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 85.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.35pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berikan antibiotic sesuai indikasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>PK perdarahan. (Lynda Juall Carpenito, 2001)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.8pt;">
Tujuan : meminimalkan terjadinya perdarahan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 110.8pt; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -56.8pt;">
KH : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Urine jenih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>TTV dalam batas normal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Hb dalam batas normal </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Intervensi :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.1pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 74.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>kaji TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.1pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 74.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji dan monitor perdarahan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.1pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 74.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi dengan dr untuk irigasi NaCl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 74.1pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: 56.1pt list 74.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi dengan dr untuk permeriksaan Hb</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: center;">
<b>DAFTAR PUSTAKA </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 56.1pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Brunner dan suddarth,<i> Buku Ajar Keperawatan Medical-Bedah</i>.
Edisi 8, Jakarta 2002</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Brunner dan suddarth.<i> Buku Saku Keperawatan Medical Bedah</i>.
Jakarta : EGC; 2002</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Carpenito Lynda Jual, <i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i>, Alih Bahasa Monica
Ester. Jakarta, EGC : 2001</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Doengoes E. maryline.<i> Rencana Asuhan Keperawatan</i>. Jakarta, EGC:
2000</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Mansjoer. Dkk.<i>Kapita Selekta Kedokteran</i>. Jakarta, EGC : 2000</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Nanda diagnosis keperawatan, 2002, Alih Bahasa Mahasiswa PSIK – BFK
UGM Angkatan 2002</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Nettina, sandra M. <i>Pedoman Praktik Keperawatan</i>. Jakarta, EGC :
2002</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Sjamsuhidayat. R dan Wim De Jong, <i>Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah</i>,
Jakarta, EGC : 2002</div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Benigna prostaat hiperplasi (BPH) adalah pembesaran
secara progresif dari kelenjar prostaat (secara umum pada pria lebih dari 50
tahun) menyebabkan berbagai derajat obstruksi uretral dan pembatasan aliran
urinarius (Doenges, 2000).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Benigna prostaat hiperplasi (BPH) adalah pembesaran
prostaat yang menyumbat uretra, menyebabkan gangguan urinarius (Sandra M.
Nettina, 2002).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Etiologi</div>
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Sampai saat ini, etiologi benigna prostaat hiperplasi belum diketahui
secara pasti penyebab terjadi. Tetapi hipotesis menyebutkan bahwa hiperplasi
prostaat erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan kadar dehidrostesteron (DTH) dan
proses aging (menjadi tua) (Arief Mansjoer, 2000).</div>
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Beberapa hipotesis yang diduga sebagai penyebab timbulnya hiperplasi
prostaat adalah :</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Adanya perubahan keseimbangan antara hormone
testosterone dan estrogen pada usia lanjut.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Peranan dari growth faktor sebagai pemicu pertumbuhan
stroma kelenjar prostaat.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Meningkatkannya
lama hidup sel-sel prostaat karena berkurangnya sel yang mati.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Proliferasi
abnormal sel stem sehingga menyebabkan produksi sel stroma dan epitel
kelenjar prostaat menjadi berlebihan.</span></li>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut R. Sjamsuhidayat dan
Wim de Jong, 2002</span></div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.1pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
Derajat
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Colok
Dubur</div>
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Sisa
Volume Urine</div>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.1pt;" valign="top" width="75"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
I</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
II</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
III</div>
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IV</div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Penonjolan prostaat, batas atas mudah diraba</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Penonjolan prostaat jelas, batas atas dapat
dicapai</span></div>
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Batas atas
prostaat tidak dapat diraba</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Batas atas
prostaat tidak dapat diraba</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.85pt;" valign="top" width="137"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
< 50 ml</div>
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50-100 ml</div>
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> 100 ml</div>
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retansi urine
total</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Tanda dan Gejala</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Frekuensi : sering miksi/ kencing</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sering terbangun untuk miksi pada malam hari</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perasaan ingin miksi yang mendesak</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri pada saat miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pancaran urine melemah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rasa tidak puas sehabis miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Harus mengejan saat miksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Patofisiologi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 38.1pt;">
Proses pembesaran prostaat ini terjadi secara
perlahan-lahan, sehingga perubahan pada saluran kemih juga terjadi penyempitan
lumen uretra prostatika dan akan menghambat aliran urine, keadaan ini
menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan intravesikal. Untuk dapat mengeluarkan urine,
buli-buli harus berkontraksi lebih kuat guna melawan tahanan tersebut.
Kontraksi yang terus menerus ini menyebabkan perubahan anatomik dari buli-buli
berupa hipertrofi otot detrusor (menebal dan meranggang) sehingga terbentuklah
sekula, sekula dan divertikel buli-buli.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 38.1pt;">
Fase penebalan detrusor ini disebut juga fase
kompensasi. Dan apabila berlanjut, maka detrusor akan mengalami kelelahan dan
akhirnya mengalami dekompensasi dan tidak mampu lagi untuk berkontraksi,
sehingga terjadi retensio urine yang selanjutnya dapat menyebabkan
hidronefrosis dan disfungsi saluran kemih atas (Arief Mansjoer, 2000).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Turp mempunyai beberapa kemampuan keuntungan antara lain (Doengoes, 2000)
:</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Lama operasi lebih singkat</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tidak
menimbulkan sayatan sehingga resiko infeksi akibat luka dapat diminimalkan</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Penyulit Turp</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
(Doengoes, 2000)</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Selama operasi = perdarahan sindroma turp</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Pasca bedah = perdarahan, infeksi lokal atau sistemik</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Manifestasi Klinis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Obstruksi prostaat dapat
menimbulkan keluhan pada saluran kemih maupun keluhan di luar saluran kemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Keluhan pada saluran kemih bagian bawah
(LUTS) terdiri :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Gejala obstruksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Hipertensi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terjadi karena destrusor
membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk dapat melawan resistensi uretra.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Inter-mitensi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terjadi karena destrator tidak
dapat mengatasi resistensi uretra sampai akhir miksi. Terminal driobling dan
rasa belum puas sehingga miksi terjadi karena jumlah residu urine yang banyak
dalam buli-buli.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nokturia :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Terjadi karena pengosongan urine saat
miksi belum lengkap. Pada saat malam hari, ketegangan otot (tonus) menurun.
Dengan penurunan ketegangan otot sfinofer (tonus) dan masih adanya urin di
dalam buli-buli maka urine akan keluar dengan sendirinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Frekuensi meningkat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Hal
ini diakibatkan karena belum lengkapnya urine yang keluar pada tiap miksi,
sehingga buli-buli akan cepat penuh kembali dan merangsang untuk miksi,
sehingga interval miksi lebih pendek.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Urbensi dan disuria</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Sebetulnya
hal ini jarang terjadi, jika ada disebabkan oleh ketidakstabilan ditrusor
sehingga kontraksi mengalami involunter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Inkontinensia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Bukan
merupakan gejala yang khas, walaupun berkembangnya penyakit, urine keluar
sedikit-sedikit secara berkala karena setelah buli-buli mencapai komplikasi
maksimum, maka tekanan dalam buli-buli akan cepat naik melebihi tekanan
sfingter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Timbulnya gejala LUTS merupakan manifestasi kompensasi otot buli-buli
untuk mengeluarkan urine. Pada suatu saat otot buli-buli akan mengalami
kelelahan sehingga jatuh ke dalam fase dekompensasi buli-buli biasanya
didahului oleh beberapa faktor pencetus, antara lain :</div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Volume buli-buli tiba-tiba terisi penuh yaitu pada
cuaca dingin, menahan kencing terlalu lama, mengkonsumsi obat-obatan/
minuman yang mengandung diuretika (alkohol, kopi) dan minum air dalam
jumlah yang berlebihan.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Masa prostate tiba-tiba membesar yaitu setelah melakukan
aktivitas seksual/ mengalami infeksi prostate akut.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;">Setelah mengkonsumsi obat-obatan yang dapat
menurunkan kontraksi otot destrusor/ yang data mempersempit leher
buli-buli, antara lain golongan antikolinergik atau alfa adrenergik.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 37.4pt; tab-stops: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.4pt;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Gejala pada saluran kemih bagian
atas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Keluhan akibat penyakit hyperplasia
prostate pada saluran kemih atas berupa gejala obstruksi antar lain nyeri
pinggang, adanya benjolan dipinggang (merupakan tanda dari hidronefrosis) atau
demam yang merupakan tanda dari infeksi/ urodepsia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.7pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Gejala di luar saluran kemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Klien
yang mengalami keluhan adanya herno inguinalis atau hemoroid, sering
diakibatkan mengerjakan saat miksi, sehingga mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan
intraabnorminal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Pada
pemeriksaan fisik mungkin didapatkan buli-buli yang tensi penuh dan teraba masa
kistus di daerah supra simfesis akibat adanya retensi urine kadang-kadang
didapatkan urine yang selalu menetes pertanda dari inkontinensia paradoksa.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 18.7pt; text-align: justify;">
Pemeriksaan Penunjang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 36.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Laboratorium</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Urinalisa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; text-align: justify;">
Warna kuning, coklat gelap, merah gelap, terang (berdarah), penampilan
kerah, pH 7 atau lebih besar (menurunkan infeksi) : adanya bakteri sel darah
putih, sel darah merah mungkin secara mikroskopis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sedimen urine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Untuk
mencari kemungkinan adanya proses infeksi/ inflamasi pada saluran kemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kultur urine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; text-align: justify;">
Untuk mencari jenis kuman yang menyebabkan infeksi dan sekaligus
menentukan sensilifitas kuman terhadap beberapa antimikroba yang diujikan,
dapat menunjukkan staphylococcus oureus, proteus, klebsiella, pseudomonas atau
E.60.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 160%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sitologi urine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Untuk
mengesampingkan kanker kandung kemih.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Faal ginjal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya penyakit yang
mengenai saluran kemih bagian atas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">BUN/ kreatinin, meningkat bila fungsi
ginjal dipengaruhi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Asam fosfat serum/ antigen khusus
prostatik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Peningkatan karena pertumbuhan selular dan pengaruh
hormonal pada kanker prostate (dapat mengidentifikasikan metastase tulang).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sel darah putih (leukosit)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mungkin
lebih dari 11.000 mengidentifikasikan infeksi bila klien tidak imunosupresi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Gula darah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 54.7pt; text-align: justify;">
Untuk mencari kemungkinan adanya penyakit DM yang dapat menimbulkan
kelainan persarafan pada buli-buli (buli-buli nerogen).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 36.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Radiologi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Foto polos abdomen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Untuk mencari adanya batu opak di saluran kemih adanya batu/ kalkulosa
prostate dan kadang kala dapat menunjukkan bayangan buli-buli yang penuh terisi
urine yang merupakan tanda dari suatu referensi urine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pemeriksaan IVP dapat menerangkan kemungkinan adanya :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelainan pada ginjal maupun urefer berupa hidroureter/
hidronefrosis.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Memperkirakan besarnya kelenjar prostate yang
ditunjukkan oleh adanya identasi prostate (pendesakan buli-buli oleh kelanjar
prostate) atau urefer di sebelah distal yang berbentuk seperti mata kail/
nooked fish.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo12; tab-stops: list 1.0in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Penyulit uang terjadi pada buli-buli yaitu adanya
trabekulasi, divertikel atau sekuli buli-buli.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ultrasonografi transrektal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Digunakan untuk mengetahui besar atau volume kelenjar prostate, adanya
kemungkinan pembesaran prostate maligna, sebagai petunjuk untuk melakukan
biopsi aspirasi prostate menentukan jumlah residu urine, dan mencari kelainan
lain yang mungkin ada di dalam buli-buli, melokalisasi lesi yang tidak
berhubungan dengan BPH.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pemeriksaan derajat obstruksi prostate
dapat diperkirakan dengan cara mengukur :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Residu urine</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Jumlah sisa urine setelah miksi, sisa urine ini
dapat ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi setelah miksi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pancaran urine/ flow rate dapat dihitung secara
sederhana yaitu dengan menghitung jumlah urine dibagi dengan lamanya miksi
berlangsung (ml/dt) atau dengan alat uroflometri yang menyajikan gambaran
grafik pancaran urine.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistouretrografi berkemih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Digunakan
sebagai pengganti IV P untuk menvisualisasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pengobatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tujuan terapi pada klien, hiperplasi
prostate adalah menghilangkan obstruksi pada leher buli-buli. </span>Hal ini
dapat dicapai dengan cara :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Medikamentosa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Tujuan terapi medikamentosa
adalah berusaha untuk :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mengurangi resistensi leher buli-buli
dengan obat-obatan golongan alfa bloker (penghambat alfa adrenengik). Alat
penghambat alfa adrenergic adalah fenoksi benzamin dan fentolamin. Golongan
obat ini mempunyai efek sistemik yang merugikan yaitu hipertensi postural.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Operasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Tindakan operasi ditujukan pada hyperplasia prostate yang sudah
menimbulkan penyakit tertentu, missal : retensi urine, batu saluran kemih
hematari, infeksi saluran kemih, tindakan operasi yang dilakukan adalah operasi
terbuka/ operasi endourologi transuretra.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pembedahan terbuka</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Teknik operasi prostatektomi terbuka yaitu menggunakan metode dari miliin
yaitu dengan melakukan enukleasi kelenjar prostat melalui pendekatan retropupik
intravesika. Metode Freyer. Melalui pendekatan suprapublik transversika dan
transperineal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pembedahan Endourologi, pembedahan cara ini dapat
dilakukan dengan memakai tenaga elektrik TURP (<i>Trans Uretial Resection off the
Prostat</i>) atau dengan memakai energi laser yaitu TULP (<i>Trans urethra
laser of the prostate</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.7pt; text-align: justify;">
Pada pemeriksaan toucher pada tonus (colok dubur) perlu diperhatikan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.7pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tonus sfinger ani/ refleks bulbokavernosus, untuk
menyingkirkan adanya kelainan buli-buli nerogen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.7pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mukosa rectum</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.7pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 36.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Keadaan prostat antara lain : kemungkinan
adanya modul, krepitasi, konsistensi prostate, simetri antar lobus dan batas
prostat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pada pembesaran prostat
benigna menunjukkan konsistensi prostat kenyal seperti merasa ujung hidung,
lobus kanan dan kiri simetris dan tidak didapatkan modul sedangkan pada
karsinoma prostat. </span>Konsistensi prostat keras/ teraba nodul dan mungkin
diantar lobus prostate tidak semetri.</div>
<b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b>NURSING CARE
PLAN</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri akut</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Pengalaman
sensori dan atau emosional tidak mengorganisasikan yang mutasi akibat adanya
desakan jaringan actual atau bacterial serangan nyeri mendadak atau pelan
dengan intensitas ringan sampai berat yang tidak dapat diantisipasi sebelumnya,
berlangsung kurang dari 6 bulan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Batasan Karakteristik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Melaporkan secara verbal tentang adanya nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara
meningkat melaporkan adanya skala nyeri seperi 0-10 adanya ketidaknyamanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Adanya respon nonverbal seperti ekspresi wajah kaku.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Hasil observasi menunjukkan adanya kehilangan atau
kehilangan atau perasaan kemampuan untuk bergerak melakukan ADL sulit tidur.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tingkah laku yang mengekspresikan merintih, menangis,
gelisah, waspada irritable, nafas panjang keluh kesah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Gerakan
terbatas melindungi atau berhati-hati, seperti gerakan berkurang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Faktor Penyempit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Otot tegang dan kaku</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Respon otonomi sempit diaphoresis, peningkatan/ penurunan
TB</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nadi dilatasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nafsu makan menurun</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sulit tidur</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Faktor yang berhubungan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Trauma
jaringan dan reflek spasme otot</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>NOC (<i>Nursing Outcomes Classification)</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mencapai level nyaman</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengontrol nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Melaporkan nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengurangi efek nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kriteria Hasil</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 42.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 506px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Indikator</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Sering</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Agak sering</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Kadang-kadang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Jarang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Tidak pernah</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien memahami faktor penyebab nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien mampu menggunakan pencegahan nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien mampu melaporkan tanda-tanda nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Klien melaporkan adanya
penurunan nyeri</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Pengaruh nyeri pada kondisi tubuh</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Klien mampu menunjukkan
frekuensi nyeri</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Klien mampu mengungkapkan
durasi nyeri</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Ekspresi wajah saat nyeri</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien mampu melindungi bagian tubuh yang nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Klien mampu menunjukkan tekanan otot</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Perubahan respirasi</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Perubahan nadi</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Perubahan tekanan darah </div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Perubahan ukuran pupil</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Berkeringat saat nyeri</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.15pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.15pt;" valign="top" width="70"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.15pt;" valign="top" width="56"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.45pt;" valign="top" width="58"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><i>Nursing Intervention Classification</i> (NIC)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Managemen nyeri</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Managemen terapi obat analgetik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Patien control analgetik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pemulihan sedasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rencana Tindakan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Identifikasi nyeri pada klien melalui pengkajian nyeri
secara teratur, meliputi P,Q,R,S,T.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Anjurkan klien untuk melaporkan pengalaman nyeri dan
metode menangani nyeri yang terakhir dilakukan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Identifikasi penyebab nyeri hebat yang tidak turun.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Identifikasi kebutuhan analgetik, narkotik bagi klien.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Identifikasi
kebiasaan penggunaan obat bagi klien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Berikan
obat non opiate (asetaminofen) Cox-2 inhibitor atau insaid jika tidak
kontraindikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berikan
obat analgetik opiate khususnya pada nyeri akut yang hebat secara oral atau
intravena jaringan IM.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Diskusikan
dengan klien tentang kecemasan atau ketakutan klien terhadap pengobatan nyeri
seperti overdosis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Saat
memberikan obat analgetik opiate kaji intensitas nyeri, obat ngantuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Berikan
suplemen opiate sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jika
klien mampu intoleransi analgetik oral, jangan diberi dengan metode (relaksasi,
distraksi).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jelaskan
efek samping inside terutama bagi lansia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Cemas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Perasaan
gelisah yang tidak jelas dan ketidaknyaman atau ketakutan yang disertai respon
autonom (sumber tidak spesifik atau tidak diketahui oleh individu); perasaan
keprihatinan disebabkan dari antisipasi terhadap bahaya. Sinyal ini merupakan
peringatan adanya ancaman yang akan datang dan memungkinkan individu untuk
mengambil langkah untuk menyetujui terhadap tindakan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Batasan Karakteristik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 52.2pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perilaku</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Produktivitas berkurang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kontak mata yang buruk</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Gelisah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Resah </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 55.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Affektive</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Penyesalan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Irritable</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ketakutan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perasaan tidak adekuat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Distress</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kekhawatiran, prihatin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 55.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Fisiologis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Suara gemetar</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Goyah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Respirasi meningkat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nadi meningkat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Nyeri abdomen</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Gangguan tidur</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Wajah tegang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jantung berdetak kuat</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 55.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kognitif</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Blocking isi pikir</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bingung</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Keasikan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ketakutan
terhadap hal yang tidak jelas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Faktor yang berhubungan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ancaman
aktual atau yang dirasakan terhadap kegagalan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>NOC (<i>Nursing Outcomes Classification</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mampu mengontrol /mentolerir cemasnya</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kriteria Hasil</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 42.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" width="122"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Indikator</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Tidak pernah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Jarang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Kadang-kadang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Sub stansial</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ekstensive</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
tak gelisah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ekspresi
wajah tak ketakutan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
lebih tenang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
mampu memonitor intensitas dari kecemasan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien mampu menghilangkan penyebab kecemasan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
mampu mencari informasi untuk mengurangi nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien mampu merencanakan koping strategi untuk
mengatasi stress</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klien mampu menggunakan strategi koping yang
efektif</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
mampu menggunakan teknik relaksasi untuk mengurangi nyeri</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
mampu melaporkan keadekuatan tidur</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.2pt;" valign="top" width="122"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Klien
mampu mengontrol kecemasan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.05pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 36.9pt;" valign="top" width="49"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.25pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.8pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rencana Tindakan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Identifikasi
level perubahan sikap dan kecemasan klien</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bantu klien dalam mengidentifikasi situasi yang
menimbulkan kecemasan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kurangi
level ansietas klien dengan penjelasan prosedur secara garis besar dan tujuan
operasi dengan singkat, mampu dimengerti.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Managemen
lingkungan untuk mengurangi kecemasan klien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bicarakan
dengan tim medis lain untuk melakukan komunikasi yang akrab dengan pasien
sebelum operasi dimulai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Resiko jatuh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.95pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 37.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi : Peningkatan kerentanan untuk terjatuh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.95pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 37.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>NOC (<i>Nursing Outcomes Classification</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.95pt; text-align: justify;">
Resiko untuk jatuh dapat diminimalkan sampai dengan tidak terjadi setelah
dilakukan tindakan keperawatan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.95pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 37.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kriteria hasil </div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 42.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" width="163"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Indikator</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Tidak adekuat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Kurang adekuat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Agak adekuat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Lebih adekuat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Adekuat </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Bila
perlu gunakan restrain</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mencari
bantuan saat aktivitas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mampu
mengontrol agitasi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Mengetahui syarat penggunaan alat bantu </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengetahui faktor penghalang untuk mencegah
jatuh</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengoreksi
penggunaan alat bantu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal">
Menghilangkan sesuatu yang melicinkan permukaan lantai</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Penggunaan tangga<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Penggunaan keset pada kamar mandi</span><span lang="FI" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.55pt;" valign="top" width="163"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Menggunakan
prosedur yang aman pada saat beraktivitas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.05pt;" valign="top" width="60"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.1pt;" valign="top" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 37.95pt; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 37.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>NIC (<i>Nursing Intervention Classification</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pencegahan jatuh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Monitor
gaya berjalan keseimbangan dan kelelahan saat ambulasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bantu klien saat ambulasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Memasang restrain, bila perlu</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anjurkan
klien untuk meminta bantuan saat aktivitas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Environment management safety</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Gunakan
alat – alat proteksi (misalnya : Restrain)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Monitor
Lingkungan untuk mengontrol status aktivitas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Surveillance</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor strategi koping dari pasien dan keluarga</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor cara tidur klien</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>monitor status nutrisi, bila perlu</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor perfusi jaringan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor oksigenasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Monitor status neurologist</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Resiko Infeksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Definisi: peningkatan resiko masuknya organisme
pathogen.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tujuan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Resiko
infeksi pada klien dapat diminimalkan setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kriteria Hasil :</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 42.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" width="240"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Indikator</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Selalu</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.0pt;" width="35"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
Sering</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.0pt;" width="53"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Kadang-kadang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Jarang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Tidak pernah</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
a.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
penyebaran infeksi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
b.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
penambahan penularan infeksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
c.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
cara mengontrol infeksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
d.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
tanda dan gejala infeksi </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
e.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
peningkatan resistensi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
f.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
perawatan infeksi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
g.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan
bentuk penularan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">h.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menunjukkan faktor penyebab penularan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 26.0pt;" valign="top" width="35"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -.5in;">
2</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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3</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
4</div>
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<br /></div>
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4</div>
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4</div>
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<br /></div>
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4</div>
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4</div>
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4</div>
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4</div>
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4</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
5</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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5</div>
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5</div>
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<br /></div>
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5</div>
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<br /></div>
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5</div>
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<br /></div>
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5</div>
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<br /></div>
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5</div>
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<br /></div>
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5</div>
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</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rencana Tindakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Observasi TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Observasi tanda dan gejala infeksi baik lokal dan
sistematik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jaga balutan luka tetap kering dan bersih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jelaskan pada klien dan keluarga tentang
tanda-tanda infeksi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Anjurkan untuk makan makanan yang tinggi
protein</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Laksanakan pemberian terapi antibiotik sesuai program</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">PK Perdarahan (Lynda Juall Carpenito,
2001)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tujuan : meminimalkan/ mencegah terjadinya perdarahan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kriteria Hasil</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Urine jenih</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 37.05pt list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.05pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>TTV dalam batas normal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 37.05pt list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.05pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Hb dalam batas normal</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 37.05pt list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.05pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda perdarahan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Intervensi :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji TTV</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kaji dan monitor perdarahan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kolaborasi dengan dokter untuk irigasi NaCl dan
pemberian terapi anti perdarahan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kolaborasi dengan dokter untuk
permeriksaan Hb</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><b>DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</b>
</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Doengoes, M.E., Moorhouse, M.F., Geisster, AC, 2000. <i>Rencana Asuhan
Keperawatan dan Pendokumentasian Perawatan Pasien</i>. Edisi 3. Alih Bahasa : I
Mode Kariasa dan Ni Made Sumarwati, Jakarta : EGC.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Diagnosis Keperawatan “NANDA”. <i>Definisi dan Klasifikasi 2001-2002</i>,
Diterjemahkan oleh Mahasiswa PSIK-B FK UGM Angkatan 2002.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Carpenite Lynda Juall, <i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i>, Alih Bahasa :
Monica Ester, Jakarta : EGC, 2001.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Iowa Outcome Project, <i>Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC)</i>,
Second Edition, Mosby, St Louis New York, 1996.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Iowa Outcome Project, <i>Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)</i>,
Second Edition, Mosby, St Louis New York, 1996.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mansjoer,
Arief, <i>Kapita Selekta Kedokteran</i>, Jakarta : EGC, 2000.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Nettina,
Sandra M<i>. Pedoman Praktik Keperawatan</i>, Jakarta : EGC, 2002.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sjamsuhidayat, R, dan Wim
De Jong, <i>Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah</i>, Jakarta : EGC, 2002.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-61063203969029315582012-03-20T07:24:00.000-07:002012-03-20T07:24:44.712-07:00LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN TUMOR GASTER<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><b style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">A. Anatomi Fisiologi</b></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent"> Sistem pencernaan terdiri dari saluran pencernaan (alimentar) yaitu tubamuskular panjang yang merentang dari mulut sampai anus dan organ-organ aksesoris seperti gigi, lidah, kelenjar saliva, hati, kandung empedu, dan pankreas (Sloane, 2004 : 281). Menurut Brunner and Suddarth (2002 : 984) saluran gastrointestinal adalah jalur (panjang totalnya 23 sampai 26 kaki) yang berjalan dari mulut melalui esofagus. Lambung dan usus sampai anus. Organ saluran cerna (gastrointestinal) adalah membentuk suatu lumen kontinyu yang berawal di mulut dan berakhir di anus, fungsi utama saluran cerna adalah mencerna makanan dan menyerap cairan dan zat gizi yang diperlukan untuk energi dan sebagai bahan dasar (building bloks) untuk pertumbuhan (Alpers, 2006 : 1099). </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"></div><a name='more'></a>1. Rongga oral <br />
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"> Rongga oral adalah jalan masuk menuju sistem pencernaan dan berisi organ aksesoris yang berfungsi dalam proses awal pencernaan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">a. Bibir tersusun dari otot rangka (orbikularis mulut) dan jaringan ikat organ ini berfungsi untuk menerima makanan dan produksi wicara.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">b. Pipi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Mengandung otot buksinator mastikasi lapisan epitelial pipi merupakan subject abrasi dan sel secara konstan terlepas untuk kemudian diganti dengan sel-sel baru yang membelah dengan cepat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">c. Lidah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Diletakkan pada dasar mulut oleh frenulum lingua, lidah berfungsi untuk menggerakkan makanan saat dikunyah atau ditelan, untuk pengecapan, dan dalam produksi wicara.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">d. Kelenjar saliva atau ludah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Mensekresi saliva ke dalam rongga oral, saliva terdiri dari cairan encer yang mengandung enzim dan cairan kental yang mengandung mukus, fungsi saliva adalah melarutkan makanan secara kimia, melembabkan dan melumasi makanan, sebagai zat anti bakteri dan antibody yang membantu memelihara kesehatan oral serta mencegah kerusakan gigi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">e. Gigi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 90.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Tersusun dalam kantong-kantong (alveoli) pada mandibula dan maksila. Manusia memiliki 2 susunan gigi : gigi primer (desiduous, gigi susu) yang totalnya 20 gigi, dan gigi sekunder (permanen) yang total keseluruhan 32 gigi, yang digunakan untuk pengunyahan (mastikasi) (Sloane, 2004 : 284). </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">2. Faring</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Faring merupakan penghubung rongga mulut dengan esofagus, aksi penelanan meliputi tiga fase (volunter, faring, esofagus) (Sloane, 2004 : 2850.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span lang="SV">3. Esofagus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><span lang="SV"> Esofagus menggerakkan makanan dari faring ke lambung melalui gerak peristaltik, mukosa esofagus memproduksi sejumlah besar mukus untuk melumasi dan melindungi esofagus, esofagus tidak memproduksi enzim pencernaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">4. Lambung</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Lambung adalah organ berbentuk J, terletak pada bagian superior kiri rongga abdomen di bawah diafragma. Semua bagian kecuali bagian kecil terletak pada bagian sisi garis tengah. Regia-regia lambung terdiri dari bagian-bagian jantung, fundus, badan organ dan bagian pilorus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.15pt left 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bagian jantung lambung adalah area di sekitar pertemuan esofagus dan lambung (pertemuan gastroesofagus).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.15pt left 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Fundus adalah bagian yang menonjol ke sisi kiri atas mulut esofagus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.15pt left 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Badan lambung adalah bagian yang terdilatasi di bawah fundus yang membentuk dua pertiga bagian lambung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.15pt left 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bagian pilorus lambung menyempit di ujung bawah lambung dan membuka ke duodenum.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Fungsi lambung terdiri dari penyimpanan makanan, produksi kismus, digesti protein, produksi mukus, produksi faktor intrinsik (glikoprotein, vitamin B12 dan absorpsi (Sloane, 2004 : 288).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">5. Usus halus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Keseluruhan usus halus adalah tuba terlilit yang merentang dari sfingter pilorus sampai ke katup ileosekal, tempatnya menyatu dengan usus besar. Diameter usus halus kurang lebih 2,5 cm dan panjangnya 3 sampai 5 meter saat bekerja. <span lang="SV">Panjang 7 meter pada mayat dicapai saat lapisan muskularis eksterna berelaksasi. Divisi usus halus ada 3 yaitu : duodenum yaitu bagian yang terpendek (</span>25 cm sampai 30 cm), yeyenum adalah bagian yang selanjutnya, panjangnya kurang lebih 1 meter sampai 1,5 meter, ileum (2 m sampai 2,5 m) merentang sampai menyatu dengan usus besar. Dan gerakan usus ada 2 jenis yaitu segmentasi irama adalah gerakan pencampuran utama, segmentasi mencampur kismus dengan cairan pencernaan dan memaparkannya ke permukaan absorptif. Gerakan peristaltis adalah kontraksi ritmik otot polos longitudinal dan sirkular. Kontraksi ini adalah daya dorong utama yang menggerakkan kimus ke arah bawah di sepanjang saluran (Sloane, 2004 : 289).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">6. Usus besar</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Begitu materi dalam saluran pencernaan masuk ke usus besar, sebagian besar nutrien telah dicerna dan diambil dan hanya menyisakan zat-zat yang tidak tercerna. Makanan biasa memerlukan waktu 2 sampai 5 hari untuk menempuh ujung saluran pencernaan yang satu ke ujung lainnya. Bagian-bagian usus besar antara lain sekum, apendik, dan kolon terdiri dari asenden, tranversum, desenden dan sigmoid. Usus besar berfungsi sebagai tempat absorbsi air, natrium, dan mineral lain, sebagai tempat tinggal bakteri colli dan tempat feses (Sloane, 2004 : 295).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">7. Rectum </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Rectum terletak di bawah kolon sigmoid yang menghubungkan intestinum mayor dengan anus, terletak dalam rongga pelvis di depan os sakrum dan os koksigis. Fungsi rektum adalah sebagai jalannya feses dari kolon menuju anus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">8. Anus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Anus adalah bagian dari saluran pencernaan yang menghubungkan rectum dengan dunia luar. Fungsi anus adalah mengeluarkan feses. Dinding anus di perkuat oleh 3 sfingter antara lain sfingter ani internus, levator ani, dan sfingter ani eksternus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Dalam membantu terlaksananya pencernaan makanan secara kimiawi dibutuhkan organ-organ aksesoris yang meliputi hati, kantong empedu dan pankreas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">1. Hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Hati adalah kelenjar terbesar di dalam tubuh, permukaan atas berbentuk cembung, dan terletak di bawah diafragma, terdapat lobus kanan dan kiri yang berfungsi memecah steroid, membuat empedu, membantu katabolisme karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan vitamin, memecah obat-obatan tertentu (Inayah, 2004 : 14).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">2. Kantong empedu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Getah empedu adalah cairan yang dihasilkan oleh hati bersifat alkali untuk mencerna lemak 80 % getah empedu adalah pigmen zat warna antara lain strekobillin yang merupakan warna feses, berfungsi sebagai diabsorbsi kembali oleh darah dan memberi warna pada urin (urobilin) (Inayah, 2004 : 14).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">3. Pankreas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.15pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Pankreas mempunyai dua kelenjar utama yaitu endokrin yang mengeluarkan insulin dan eksokrin yang meneruskan salurannya ke saluran pankreatik interna lalu ke saluran pankreatik eksterna yaitu duktus wirsung dan santorini (Inayah, 2004 : 11).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>B. Pengertian<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Tumor gaster terdiri atas tumor jinak dan tumor ganas. Tumor jinak dibagi atas tumor jinak epitel (benigna epithelial tumor) dan tumor jinak non epitel. Neoplasma jaringan ikat yang banyak ditemukan adalah tumor otot polos. Perangai tumor ini sulit diramalkan, dan sulit dibedakan antara tumor ganas dan jinak berdasarkan kriteria histologis. Salah satu gambaran yang mengarah ke jinak ialah ukurannya yang kecil, berkapsul, aktivitas mitolik yang rendah dan tidak ditemukan nekrosis (Underwood, 2000 : 439). Sedangkan menurut Sjamsuhidayat (2005 : 555) tumor jinak yang tersering ditemukan adalah polip dan leiomioma yang dapat membentuk adenomatosa hiperplastik, atau fibroid. Leiomioma yang merupakan tumor jinak otot polos lambung tidak bersimpai sehingga sulit dibedakan dari bentuk yang ganas (leiomiosarkoma) gambaran klinis dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok umur dan umumnya tumor ini tidak memberikan gejala klinis, kalaupun ada hanya berupa nyeri yang tidak sembuh dengan antasid. Pemeriksaan fisik tidak menemukan sesuatu kelainan, bila ditemukan kelainan perlu dipikirkan adanya karsinoma.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>C. Etiologi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Menurut Brunner and Suddarth (2002 : 1078) penyebab tumor gaster dimulai dari gastritis kronis menjadi atropi dan metaplasia intestinal sampai displasia premaligna, telah diketahui sebagai prekursor tumor gaster. Sejumlah mekanisme yang mungkin menghubungkan antara H. pylori dengan tumor gaster. Infeksi yang berlangsung lama menyebabkan atrofi kelenjar dan menurunnya produksi asam secara bertahap. Menurut Underwood (2000 : 440) yang menjadi penyebab tumor gaster adalah diet tinggi makanan asap, kurang buah-buahan dan sayuran dapat meningkatkan risiko terhadap tumor lambung. Faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan insiden kanker lambung mencakup inflamasi lambung, anemia pernisiosa, aklorhidria, ulkus lambung, bakteri H. pylori, keturunan dan golongan darah A.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>D. Manifestasi Klinik<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Menurut Soeparman (1998 : 114) menyatakan gejala klinis yang ditemukan tidak khas, dapat dalam bentuk keluhan nyeri epigastrium atau bila didapatkan komplikasi seperti perdarahan sukar di bedakan dengan perdarahan yang bersumber dari ulkus peptik. Gejala lain yang akan didapatkan adalah dalam bentuk akut abdomen, perdarahan saluran cerna bagian bawah atau gejala obstruksi. Menurut Brunner and Suddart (2002 : 1078) gejala awal dari tumor dan kanker lambung sering tidak pasti karena kebanyakan tumor ini dimulai di kurvatura kecil, yang hanya sedikit menyebabkan gangguan fungsi lambung. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa gejala awal seperti nyeri yang hilang dengan antasida dapat menyerupai gejala pada pasien dengan ulkus benigna. Gejala penyakit progresif dapat meliputi tidak dapat makan, anoreksia, dispepsia, penurunan berat badan, nyeri abdomen, konstipasi, anemia dan mual serta muntah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><st1:place w:st="on"><b>E. Patofisiologi</b></st1:place><b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Kanker dapat terjadi pada semua bagian lambung tetapi lebih sering ditemukan pada sepertiga distal. Kebanyakan kanker-kanker lambung adalah adeno karsinoma dan terjadi dalam bentuk-bentuk polypoid, ulseratif atau infiltratif. Bentuk ulseratif merupakan bentuk yang paling sering terjadi dan mungkin menampakkan gejala-gejala semacam ulkus peptikum, yang karenanya sering kali memperlambat diagnosis dan mendorong pasien untuk mengobati sendiri. Tumbuhnya kanker pada pintu masuk atau pintu keluar lambung dapat menimbulkan tanda-tanda obstruksi esofagus dan pilorus (nyeri ulu hati dan cepat kenyang). Pada umumnya bagaimanapun tanda-tanda awal dari kanker lambung tersebut tidaklah nampak. Kanker lambung dapat menyebar secara langsung melalui dinding lambung jaringan-jaringan yang berdekatan, ke pembuluh limfe, ke kelenjar limfe regional di lambung, ke organ-organ perut lain dan cenderung menyebar ke arah intraperitoneal. Prognosis tergantung pada dalamnya invasi dan tingkatan metastasis (Barbara C. Long, 1996 : 217).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>F. Pemeriksaan Penunjang<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Menurut Hadi (1999 : 271) pemeriksaan tumor gaster meliputi : </div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Pemeriksaan fisik : berat badan, anemia, adanya <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">massa</st1:place></st1:city>.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Perdarahan tersembunyi dalam tinja (occult blood) : tes benzidin.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Sitologi dengan gastrofiberskop.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Rontgenologik : posisi (terlentang, tengkurap dan oblik, serta kompresi).</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Gastroskopi : pemotretan isi lambung.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Gastrobiopsi : pengambilan jaringan secara visual pada lesi.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Fosfor radio aktif dan CT scanning.</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>G. Komplikasi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Menurut Sudayo (2006 : 351) komplikasi dari tumor gaster adalah sebagai berikut : </div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Perforasi</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Hematemesis</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Obstruksi pada bagian bawah lambung dekat pilorus</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">Adhesi</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt left 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">penyebaran pada berbagai organ seperti hati, pankreas dan kolon.</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>H. Penatalaksanaan<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Menurut Brunner and Suddarth (2002 : 1081) tidak ada pengobatan yang berhasil menangani karsinoma lambung kecuali mengangkat tumornya. Bila tumor telah menyebar ke area lain yang dapat di eksisi secara bedah, penyembuhan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Pada kebanyakan pasien ini paling efektif untuk mencegah gejala seperti obstruksi dapat diperoleh dengan reaksi tumor. Bila gastrektomi subtotal radikal dilakukan, puntung lambung di anastomosikan pada yeyenum, seperti pada gastrektomi untuk ulkus. Bila gastrektomi total dilakukan kontinuitas gastrointestinal di perbaiki dengan anastomosis pada organ vital lain seperti hepar, pembedahan dilakukan terutama untuk tujuan paliatif dan bukan radikal. Pembedahan paliatif dilakukan untuk menghilangkan gejala obstruksi dan disfagia. Untuk pasien yang menjalani pembedahan namun tidak menunjukkan perbaikan, pengobatan dengan kemoterapi dapat memberikan kontrol lanjut terhadap penyakit dan paliasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>I. Fokus Pengkajian <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Menurut Doenges (2000 : 997) dasar data pengkajian pasien antara lain : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66.0pt;">1. Aktivitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Kelemahan atau keletihan, perubahan pada pola istirahat dan jam kebiasaan tidur malam hari, keterbatasan partisipasi dalam hobi, tingkat stress tinggi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">2. Sirkulasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Palpitasi, nyeri dada pada pergerakan kerja</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Tanda : Perubahan pada TD</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">3. Integritas ego</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Masalah tentang perubahan dalam penampilan, menyangkal diagnosis, perasaan tidak berdaya, putus asa, tidak mampu, kehilangan kontrol, depresi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">4. Eliminasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Perubahan pada pola BAB, perubahan eliminasi urinarius.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Tanda : Perubahan pada usus, distensi abdomen.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">5. Makanan atau cairan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Kebiasaan diet buruk, anoreksia, mual atau muntah, intoleransi makanan, perubahan pada berat badan, berkurangnya <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">massa</st1:place></st1:city> otot.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Tanda : Perubahan pada kelembaban atau turgor kulit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">6. Neurosensori</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Pusing, sinkope.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">7. Nyeri atau kenyamanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Tidak ada nyeri atau derajad bervariasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">8. Pernafasan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Merokok, pemajanan asbes.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">9. Keamanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Pemajanan pada kimia toksik, karsinogen, pemajanan matahari lama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Tanda : Demam, ruam kulit, ulserasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">10. Seksualitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Masalah seksual, pasangan seks multipel, aktivitas seksual dini.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">11. Interaksi sosial</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Ketidakadekuatan atau kelemahan sistem pendukung masalah tentang fungsi atau tanggung jawab peran dan riwayat perkawinan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">12. Penyuluhan atau pembelajaran</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;"> Gejala : Riwayat kanker pada keluarga, penyakit metastatik, riwayat pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 90.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -72.0pt;">Pemeriksaan diagnostik </div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">Scan dan ultrasound : identifikasi metastatik dan evaluasi respon pengobatan.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">Biopsi (aspirasi, eksisi, jarum) : untuk menggambarkan pengobatan.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">Penanda tumor untuk monitor kanker dan membantu mendiagnosis kanker.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">Tes kimia skrining misalnya elektrolit, tes ginjal, tes hepar, tes tulang.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 36.0pt 54.0pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">JDL dengan diferensial dan trombosit : menunjukkan anemia. (Doenges, 2000 : 997)</li>
</ol><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>J. Pathway dan Masalah Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>K. Fokus Intervensi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Dengan melihat pathway tumor gaster dan merumuskan diagnosa perawatannya, maka beberapa diagnosa perawatan tersebut menjadi fokus intervensi, antara lain menurut Brunner and Suddarth (2002) adalah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">1. Ansietas berhubungan dengan penyakit dan pengobatan yang diantisipasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> a. Ciptakan lingkungan yang rileks dan tidak mengancam.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> b. Berikan dorongan terhadap keluarga dalam mendukung pasien.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">c. Berikan keterangan dan dukungan tindakan koping positif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">d. Anjurkan pasien tentang adanya prosedur dan pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">e. Anjurkan pasien untuk mendiskusikan perasaan pribadi dengan orang pendukung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">2. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan anoreksia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> a. Berikan makanan dalam porsi kecil tapi sering.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">b. Berikan makanan yang tidak mengiritasi lambung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">c. Berikan suplemen makanan yang tinggi kalori, vitamin A dan C, serta zat besi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">d. Pantau kecepatan dan frekwensi terapi intravena.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">e. Catat masukan, haluaran dan berat badan tiap hari.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">f. Kaji tanda-tanda dehidrasi (haus, mukosa kering, turgor kulit kering).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">3. Nyeri berhubungan dengan adanya sel epitel abnormal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> a. Kaji intensitas, frekuensi, dan durasi nyeri.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> b. Anjurkan untuk periode istirahat dan relaksasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> c. Ajarkan tehnik untuk menghilangkan nyeri (imajinasi, distruksi, relaksasi, gosokan punggung, dan masase).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> d. Kolaborasi tentang pemberian analgetik sesuai resep.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Doenges (2000) juga menambahkan diagnosa yang muncul pada kanker lambung berdasarkan rumusan diagnosa keperawatan sebagai berikut : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">4. Resiko tinggi infeksi berhubungan dengan prosedur invasif dan ketidakadekuatan pertahanan sekunder.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Tujuan : Tanda-tanda infeksi tidak terjadi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Kriteria hasil : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengidentifikasi dan berpartisipasi dalam intervensi untuk mencegah atau mengurangi risiko infeksi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tetap tidak demam dan mencapai pemulihan tepat waktu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> a. Tingkatkan prosedur mencuci tangan yang baik dengan staf dan pengunjung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> b. Tekankan higiene personal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> c. Pantau suhu, dan tingkatkan istirahat adekuat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> d. Kaji semua sistem terhadap tanda atau gejala infeksi secara kontinyu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> e. Ubah posisi dengan sering : pertahankan linen kering dan bebas kerutan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> f. Kolaborasi pemberian antibiotik sesuai indikasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">5. Gangguan harga diri berhubungan dengan biofisikal : kecacatan bedah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Tujuan : Gangguan harga diri teratasi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Kriteria hasil : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengungkapkan pemahaman tentang perubahan tubuh.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mulai mengembangkan mekanisme koping untuk menghadapi masalah secara efektif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> a. Dorong diskusi pecahkan masalah tentang efek kanker atau pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> b. Akui kesulitan pasien yang mungkin dialami.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> c. Berikan dukungan emosi untuk pasien atau orang terdekat selama tes diagnostik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> d. Gunakan sentuhan selama interaksi, bila dapat diterima pada pasien dan pertahankan kontak mata.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"> e. Evaluasi struktur pendukung yang ada dan digunakan oleh pasien atau orang terdekat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">6. Kurang pengetahuan berhubungan dengan keterbatasan kognitif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Tujuan : Kurang pengetahuan teratasi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan.</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 190%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Kriteria hasil : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengungkapkan informasi akurat tentang diagnosa dan aturan pengobatan pada tingkatan kesiapan diri sendiri.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Melakukan perubahan <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">gaya</st1:place></st1:city> hidup yang perlu dan berpartisipasi dalam aturan pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Intervensi : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tinjau ulang dengan pasien atau orang terdekat pemahaman diagnosa khusus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Berikan informasi yang jelas tentang kanker dan pengobatan kanker.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Berikan pengobatan antisipasi pada pasien atau orang terdekat mengenai pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tinjau ulang dengan pasien atau orang terdekat pentingnya mempertahankan status nutrisi optimal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan meningkatkan masukan cairan dan serat dalam diet serta latihan teratur.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">7. Gangguan mobilitas fisik berhubungan dengan nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Tujuan : Pasien dapat melakukan mobilisasi fisik secara optimal setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Kriteria hasil : Meningkatnya atau memperhatikan mobilitas pada tempat paling tinggi yang mungkin, meningkatkan kekuatan atau fungsi yang sakit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 114.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -96.0pt;"> Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kaji tingkat mobilitas yang dihasilkan oleh cidera atau pengobatan dan perhatikan persepsi pasien terhadap mobilisasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 102.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dorong partisipasi pada aktivitas terapeutik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Indikasikan pasien untuk bantu dalam rentang gerak pasif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bantu dorong perawatan diri atau kebersihan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 36.0pt list 54.0pt left 102.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Berikan lingkungan yang aman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 54.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><br />
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</div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:rect
id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;
margin-left:396pt;margin-top:-63pt;width:24pt;height:27pt;z-index:251657216'
strokecolor="white"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251657216;"><span style="height: 38px; left: 0px; left: 527px; position: absolute; top: -85px; width: 34px;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/aqwa/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="34" /></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>BAB II<o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>RESUME KEPERAWATAN<o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>A. Pengkajian<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b> </b>Pengkajian dilakukan pada hari Rabu tanggal 04 Juni 2008 jam 08.00 WIB di bangsal Multazam Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Data diperoleh dari pemeriksaan fisik pasien, wawancara dengan keluarga, tim kesehatan lain dan dari catatan medik. Identitas pasien nama Tn. S, umur 64 tahun, alamat Kalioso Kalijambe Sragen, pekerjaan swasta, jenis kelamin laki-laki, no. register 152873, dengan diagnosa medis tumor gaster. Identitas penanggung jawab nama Ny. I, umur 41 tahun, alamat Kalijambe Sragen, hubungan dengan pasien saudara.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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</tbody></table><!--[endif]--> Keluhan utama pasien mengatakan tubuhnya terasa lemas. Riwayat penyakit sekarang pada 2 minggu terakhir ini pasien merasakan nyeri pada perut kiri atas, kemudian pasien dibawa ke RS. PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta karena tidak kuat menahan nyeri. Di IGD pasien mendapat terapi infus RL 20 tpm, kemudian pasien dipindah ke bangsal Multazam dan mendapat injeksi kalnex 250 mg/ 12 jam, ranitidin 50 mg/ 12 jam dan neurobat 2 cc/ 12 jam, merasakan mual dan muntah 1 kali. Riwayat penyakit dahulu pasien belum pernah menderita penyakit yang serius dan belum pernah mondok di rumah sakit. Dalam keluarga pasien tidak ada yang menderita penyakit menurun dan menular (DM, hipertensi, jantung dan lain-lain).<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Hasil pengkajian pola kebiasaan didapat oksigenasi pasien bernafas spontan dengan respirasi 26 x/menit, terpasang O<sub>2</sub> 3 liter/menit, sedikit sesak nafas. Nutrisi pasien makan habis ¼ porsi yang disajikan dari rumah sakit dengan komposisi bubur nasi, sayuran, dan lauk, pasien tidak mengkonsumsi makanan ringan dari luar. Cairan dan elektrolit pasien minum ± 5-6 gelas/hari, setiap minum yang disajikan dari rumah sakit selalu habis dan ditambah air putih (dari rumah), pasien juga mendapatkan terapi infus RL 20 tetes/menit. Eliminasi pasien BAB 1 kali/hari dengan konsistensi padat hitam, bau khas dan keluar sedikit, pasien BAK ± 4 kali/hari dengan warna kuning jernih, bau khas, tidak ada kesulitan. Istirahat tidur selama sakit pasien istirahat tidur ± 7 jam/hari dan nyenyak baik pada malam hari maupun siang hari. Aktivitas selama sakit, aktivitas pasien dibantu oleh keluarga dan perawat terutama dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Personal higiene selama sakit pasien pagi dan sore disibin oleh keluarga, pasien tidak menggosok gigi hanya berkumur saja, karena tidak tahu cara menggosok gigi di atas tempat tidur. Aman dan nyaman selama sakit pasien merasa aman karena selalu didampingi oleh istrinya dan berada di bawah pengawasan dokter, ia yakin akan sembuh. Pasien merasa tidak nyaman karena seluruh tubuhnya lemas. Cinta mencintai pasien mengatakan merasa lebih diperhatikan dan merasa sangat disayangi oleh keluarga yang selalu mendampinginya di rumah sakit. Aktualisasi diri pasien tidak dapat bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan sekitar karena keadaannya yang lemah dan harus banyak istirahat. Gambaran diri pasien mengatakan dirinya sedang sakit dan bagian tubuh yang sakit adalah perut kirinya. Ideal diri pasien berharap cepat sembuh pulih kembali ke keadaan sehat dan cepat keluar dari rumah sakit. Peran pasien sebagai kepala rumah tangga meskipun sakit ia tetap dihormati dan merasa sangat dibutuhkan oleh keluarganya. Identitas diri pasien menyadari bahwa dirinya adalah seorang laki-laki tua berusia 64 tahun dan sedang sakit. Harga diri pasien merasa harga dirinya tetap karena meskipun sedang sakit ia masih bisa berhubungan atau berkomunikasi dengan lancar. Psikologis pasien menyadari kalau dirinya sedang sakit tumor dan ia cemas dengan penyakitnya. Spiritual pasien jarang melaksanakan ibadah sholat karena dirinya lemah dan ia lebih banyak berdoa agar lekas sembuh. Pengetahuan pasien mengatakan belum mengetahui banyak tentang penyakitnya, dan belum mengetahui pentingnya nutrisi atau diet yang dibutuhkan olehnya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Hasil pengkajian pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan keadaan umum lemah, tekanan darah 120/70 mmHg, suhu 36,8°C, nadi 108 x/menit, respirasi 26 x/menit, berat badan 63 kg. Kepala rambut lurus, pendek dan hitam, tidak berketombe, tidak ada lesi, mata tidak cekung, konjungtiva an anemis, hidung tidak ada sekret, berfungsi dengan baik, tidak ada lesi, tidak ada serumen. Untuk leher tidak pembesaran kelenjar tyroid. Thorak pengembangan paru simetris kanan dan kiri, tidak ada benjolan dan nyeri tekan, sonor, tidak ada wheezing. Jantung ictus cordis tidak tampak, ictus cordis kuat angkat, pekak, bunyi jantung I sama dengan bunyi jantung II dan reguler. Abdomen tidak ada lesi atau lecet, peristaltik usus 6 x/menit, tympani, teraba <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">massa</st1:place></st1:city> atau benjolan di sebelah kiri atas. Genetalia pasien bersih, tidak terpasang DC, tidak ada kesulitan dalam berkemih. Ekstremitas atas terpasang infus RL 20 tetes/menit di tangan kanan, tidak ada oedem dan lila 23 cm, pengerakan baik, bawah tidak ada oedem dan pergerakan baik. Kulit tidak ada lesi tampak kering.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> Hasil pengkajian data penunjang didapatkan sebagai berikut : hasil pemeriksaan hematologi tanggal 02 Juni 2008 didapatkan hemoglobin 3,6 gr/dl, leukosit 16.000 /mm<sup>3</sup>, trombosit 1.040.000 /mm<sup>3</sup>. Hasil pemeriksaan radiologi tanggal 17 Mei 2008 didapatkan radiologis KP duplek lama aktif dengan cardio megali, tidak ada tanda-tanda illeus, peritonitis, atau perforasi cenderung meteorismus ringan. Hasil pemeriksaan ECG tanggal 02 Juni 2008 didapatkan kesan normal dan sinus ritme. Terapi tanggal 04 Juni 2008 transfusi PRC golongan darah A 5 colf, diteruskan infus RL 20 tpm, kalnex 250 mg/ 12 jam, ranitidin 50 mg/ 12 jam, neurobat 2 cc/ 12 jam.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b>B. Analisa Data <o:p></o:p></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 11.4pt; width: 515px;"><thead>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;">No</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.0pt;" valign="top" width="240"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">Data</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.0pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">Etiologi </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.5pt;" valign="top" width="115"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">Problem</div></td> </tr>
</thead> <tbody>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">1.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.0pt;" valign="top" width="240"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DS : Pasien mengatakan nafsu makannya berkurang, lemah seluruh tubuh, muntah satu kali, BAB sedikit dan padat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 30.6pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DO : Makan habis ¼ porsi, terpasang infus RL 20 tetes/menit, LILA 23 cm, hemoglobin 3,6 gr/dl, keadaan umum lemah, BAB warna hitam, transfusi PRC golongan darah A 5 colf</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.0pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Anoreksia </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.5pt;" valign="top" width="115"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">2.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.0pt;" valign="top" width="240"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DS : Pasien mengatakan seluruh tubuhnya lemah, dan aktivitas dibantu oleh keluarga</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DO : Terpasang O<sub>2</sub> 3 liter/menit, sibin dibantu keluarga, pasien tampak tiduran, tekanan darah 120/70 mmHg, nadi 108 x/menit, suhu 36,8°C, respirasi 26 x/menit</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.0pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Penyakit dan pengobatan yang diantisipasi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.5pt;" valign="top" width="115"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Ansietas</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;">3.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180.0pt;" valign="top" width="240"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DS : Pasien mengatakan menanyakan tentang kondisinya dan perlunya gizi seimbang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; margin-left: 30.6pt; text-indent: -30.6pt;">DO : Pasien makan habis ¼ porsi, keadaan umum lemah, pasien bertanya tentang kondisinya</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.0pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Kurang informasi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.5pt;" valign="top" width="115"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 170%; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">Kurang pengetahuan</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Berdasarkan analisa data maka dapat diprioritaskan diagnoa keperawatan sebagai berikut :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">1. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan anoreksia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">2. Ansietas berhubungan dengan penyakit dan pengobatan yang diantisipasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">3. Kurang pengetahuan berhubungan dengan kurang informasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><b>C. Intervensi, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">1. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan anoreksia.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Tujuan perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh teratasi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 3 x 24 jam. Kriteria hasil : mengikuti kembali pola makan yang normal, masukan kalori adekuat untuk mempertahankan berat badan. Intervensi : observasi dan kaji status nutrisi pasien, berikan makanan yang disukai pasien dalam batas diet, anjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering, catat masukan haluaran dan berat badan tiap hari, pantau kecepatan dan frekuensi terapi intravena, kolaborasi tentang pemberian fungsi obat.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Implementasi tanggal 04 Juni 2008 pukul 08.00 WIB mengukur tanda-tanda vital : tekanan darah 120/70 mmHg, nadi 60 x/menit, suhu 36,8° C, respirasi 26 x/menit, mengukur lingkar lengan atas, memonitor tetesan infus. Pukul 09.10 WIB memberikan injeksi kalnex 250 mg/ 12 jam dan ranitidin 50 mg / 12 jam dan memberikan fooding pagi, menganjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Evaluasi pada tanggal 04 Juni 2008 pukul 12.30 WIB subyektif : pasien mengatakan nafsu makannya meningkat, tubuhnya masih lemah, tidak muntah lagi, obyektif : makan habis ½ porsi, fooding pagi dihabiskan. Assesment : perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh teratasi sebagian, planning : intervensi dilanjutkan dengan menganjurkan pasien untuk makan sedikit tapi sering.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">2. Ansietas berhubungan dengan penyakit dan pengobatan yang diantisipasi<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Tujuan ansietas berkurang atau teratasi setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 1 x 24 jam. Kriteria hasil : ansietas berkurang, pasien tidak menunjukkan ansietas yang berlebihan, tanda-tanda vital dalam batas normal. Intervensi : dorong pasien untuk mengungkapkan pikiran dan perasaan, ciptakan lingkungan yang rileks dan tidak mengancam, berikan ketenangan dan dukungan, anjurkan pasien untuk mendiskusikan perasaan pribadi dengan orang pendukung.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Implementasi, Rabu 04 Juni 2008 pukul 08.30 WIB menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman, menambahkan cairan humudifier, menganjurkan kepada keluarga untuk membatasi pengunjung, mengganti linen yang kotor dan merapikannya, menjelaskan kepada pasien dan keluarga tentang adanya prosedur dan pengobatan.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"> Evaluasi : pada tanggal 04 Juni 2008 pukul 12.30 WIB subyektif : pasien mengatakan masih cemas atas penyakitnya, aktivitas masih dibantu keluarga, obyektif : tekanan darah 120/80 mmHg, nadi 90 x/menit, suhu 36,6°C, respirasi 21 x/menit, tampak tiduran. Aktivitas dibantu keluarga, terpasang O<sub>2</sub> 3 liter/menit. Assesment : ansietas teratasi sebagian, planning : intervensi dilanjutkan dengan pantau tingkat ansietas dan beri pendekatan terhadap pasien.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">3. Kurang pengetahuan berhubungan dengan kurang informasi<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Tujuan pengetahuan pasien tentan kondisinya teratasi atau bertambah setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 30 menit. Intervensi : kaji tingkat pengetahuan pasien dan keluarga, beri kesempatan pasien dan keluarga untuk mengungkapkan perasaan, beri penjelasan atau pendidikan kesehatan tentang gizi seimbang.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Implementasi hari Rabu tanggal 04 Juni 2008 pukul 09.45 mengkaji tingkat pengetahuan pasien dan keluarga, memberikan kesempatan pada pasien untuk bertanya, 10.30 WIB memberikan penyuluhan pasien tentang pentingnya nutrisi dan gizi seimbang.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 35.85pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.15pt;">Evaluasi pada tanggal 04 Juni 2008 subyektif : pasien sudah mengerti tentang fungsi nutrisi dan gizi seimbang, obyektif : pasien tidak bertanya lagi kepada perawat. Assesment : masalah teratasi, planning : intervensi dihentikan.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><b> </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: justify;">.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-36979340751099986052012-02-26T20:22:00.000-08:002012-02-26T20:22:36.779-08:00Asuhan Keperawatan Ikterus<div class="Section1"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"> Ikterus merupakan suatu gejala yang sering ditemukan pada Bayi Baru Lahir (BBL). Menurut beberapa penulis kejadian ikterus pada BBL berkisar 50 % pada bayi cukup bulan dan 75 % pada bayi kurang bulan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> Perawatan Ikterus berbeda diantara negara tertentu, tempat pelayanan tertentu dan waktu tertentu. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan pengelolaan pada BBL, seperti ; pemberian makanan dini, kondisi ruang perawatan, penggunaan beberapa propilaksi (misal; luminal) pada ibu dan bayi, fototherapi dan transfusi pengganti. </div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><a name='more'></a> Asuhan keperawatan pada klien selama post partum juga terlalu singkat, sehingga klien dan keluarga harus dibekali pengetahuan, ketrampilan dan informasi tempat rujukan, cara merawat bayi dan dirinya sendiri selama di rumah sakit dan perawatan di rumah. <br />
<div class="MsoNormal"> Perawat sebagai salah satu anggota tim kesehatan mempunyai peranan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara paripurna. Untuk itu dalam penulisan makalah ini mempunyai maksud : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Agar perawat memiliki intelektual dan mampu menguasai ketrampilan dan tehnik terutama yang berkaitan dengan perawatan klien dan keluarga dengan bayi Ikterus (Hiperilirubinemia),</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Agar Perawat mampu mempersiapkan klien dan keluarga ikut serta dalam proses perawatan selama di Rumah Sakit dan perewatan lanjutan di rumah.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> Atas dasar hal tersebut diatas maka kami menyusun makalah dengan judul ”Asuhan Keperawatan dan Aplikasi Discharge Planing pada klien dengan Bayi Hiperbilirubinemia”<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah bagaimana memberikan Asuhan Keperawatan pada klien dengan bayi Hyperbilirubinemia yang mendapat Fototherapi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> Dalam penulisan makalah ini kami menggunakan metode Studi Kepustakaan, wawancara, Partisipasi Aktif dalam pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan.</div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section2"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>BAB II<o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>TINJAUAN KEPUSTAKAAN<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>A. Batasan-Batasan<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ikterus Fisiologis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Ikterus pada neonatus tidak selamanya patologis. Ikterus fisiologis adalah Ikterus yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut (Hanifa, 1987): </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Timbul pada hari kedua-ketiga</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kadar Biluirubin Indirek setelah 2 x 24 jam tidak melewati 15 mg% pada neonatus cukup bulan dan 10 mg % pada kurang bulan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kecepatan peningkatan kadar Bilirubin tak melebihi 5 mg % per hari</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kadar Bilirubin direk kurang dari 1 mg %</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Ikterus hilang pada 10 hari pertama</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Tidak terbukti mempunyai hubungan dengan keadan patologis tertentu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ikterus Patologis/Hiperbilirubinemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Adalah suatu keadaan dimana kadar Bilirubin dalam darah mencapai suatu nilai yang mempunyai potensi untuk menimbulkan Kern Ikterus kalau tidak ditanggulangi dengan baik, atau mempunyai hubungan dengan keadaan yang patologis. Brown menetapkan Hiperbilirubinemia bila kadar Bilirubin mencapai 12 mg% pada cukup bulan, dan 15 mg % pada bayi kurang bulan. Utelly menetapkan 10 mg% dan 15 mg%.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kern Ikterus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Adalah suatu kerusakan otak akibat perlengketan Bilirubin Indirek pada otak terutama pada Korpus Striatum, Talamus, Nukleus Subtalamus, Hipokampus, Nukleus merah , dan Nukleus pada dasar Ventrikulus IV.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>D. Etiologi<o:p></o:p></b></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal">Peningkatan produksi :</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hemolisis, misal pada Inkompatibilitas yang terjadi bila terdapat ketidaksesuaian golongan darah dan anak pada penggolongan Rhesus dan ABO.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pendarahan tertutup misalnya pada trauma kelahiran.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Ikatan Bilirubin dengan protein terganggu seperti gangguan metabolik yang terdapat pada bayi Hipoksia atau Asidosis .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Defisiensi G6PD/ Glukosa 6 Phospat Dehidrogenase.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Ikterus ASI yang disebabkan oleh dikeluarkannya pregnan 3 (alfa), 20 (beta) , diol (steroid).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kurangnya Enzim Glukoronil Transeferase , sehingga kadar Bilirubin Indirek meningkat misalnya pada berat lahir rendah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kelainan kongenital (Rotor Sindrome) dan Dubin Hiperbilirubinemia.</div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal">Gangguan transportasi akibat penurunan kapasitas pengangkutan misalnya pada Hipoalbuminemia atau karena pengaruh obat-obat tertentu misalnya Sulfadiasine.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Gangguan fungsi Hati yang disebabkan oleh beberapa mikroorganisme atau toksion yang dapat langsung merusak sel hati dan darah merah seperti Infeksi , Toksoplasmosis, Siphilis.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Gangguan ekskresi yang terjadi intra atau ekstra Hepatik.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Peningkatan sirkulasi Enterohepatik misalnya pada Ileus Obstruktif</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>E . Metabolisme Bilirubin </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Segera setelah lahir bayi harus mengkonjugasi Bilirubin (merubah Bilirubin yang larut dalam lemak menjadi Bilirubin yang mudah larut dalam air) di dalam hati. Frekuensi dan jumlah konjugasi tergantung dari besarnya hemolisis dan kematangan hati, serta jumlah tempat ikatan Albumin (Albumin binding site). </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Pada bayi yang normal dan sehat serta cukup bulan, hatinya sudah matang dan menghasilkan Enzim Glukoronil Transferase yang memadai sehingga serum Bilirubin tidak mencapai tingkat patologis.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section3"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b>Download Patway <a href="http://infoaskepgratis.blogspot.com/2012/02/pathway-woc-ikterus-diagram-mekanisme.html" target="_blank">Disini</a><o:p></o:p></b></div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section4"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b>F. Patofisiologi Hiperbilirubinemia<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Peningkatan kadar Bilirubin tubuh dapat terjadi pada beberapa keadaan . Kejadian yang sering ditemukan adalah apabila terdapat penambahan beban Bilirubin pada sel Hepar yang berlebihan. Hal ini dapat ditemukan bila terdapat peningkatan penghancuran Eritrosit, Polisitemia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Gangguan pemecahan Bilirubin plasma juga dapat menimbulkan peningkatan kadar Bilirubin tubuh. Hal ini dapat terjadi apabila kadar protein Y dan Z berkurang, atau pada bayi Hipoksia, Asidosis. Keadaan lain yang memperlihatkan peningkatan kadar Bilirubin adalah apabila ditemukan gangguan konjugasi Hepar atau neonatus yang mengalami gangguan ekskresi misalnya sumbatan saluran empedu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Pada derajat tertentu Bilirubin ini akan bersifat toksik dan merusak jaringan tubuh. Toksisitas terutama ditemukan pada Bilirubin Indirek yang bersifat sukar larut dalam air tapi mudah larut dalam lemak. sifat ini memungkinkan terjadinya efek patologis pada sel otak apabila Bilirubin tadi dapat menembus sawar darah otak. Kelainan yang terjadi pada otak disebut Kernikterus. Pada umumnya dianggap bahwa kelainan pada saraf pusat tersebut mungkin akan timbul apabila kadar Bilirubin Indirek lebih dari 20 mg/dl.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Mudah tidaknya kadar Bilirubin melewati sawar darah otak ternyata tidak hanya tergantung pada keadaan neonatus. Bilirubin Indirek akan mudah melalui sawar darah otak apabila bayi terdapat keadaan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah , Hipoksia, dan Hipoglikemia ( AH, Markum,1991).</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>G. Penata Laksanaan Medis<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Berdasarkan pada penyebabnya, maka manejemen bayi dengan Hiperbilirubinemia diarahkan untuk mencegah anemia dan membatasi efek dari Hiperbilirubinemia. Pengobatan mempunyai tujuan :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menghilangkan Anemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menghilangkan Antibodi Maternal dan Eritrosit Tersensitisasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Meningkatkan Badan Serum Albumin</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menurunkan Serum Bilirubin</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Metode therapi pada Hiperbilirubinemia meliputi : Fototerapi, Transfusi Pengganti, Infus Albumin dan Therapi Obat.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Fototherapi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Fototherapi dapat digunakan sendiri atau dikombinasi dengan Transfusi Pengganti untuk menurunkan Bilirubin. Memaparkan neonatus pada cahaya dengan intensitas yang tinggi ( a boun of fluorencent light bulbs or bulbs in the blue-light spectrum) akan menurunkan Bilirubin dalam kulit. Fototherapi menurunkan kadar Bilirubin dengan cara memfasilitasi eksresi Biliar Bilirubin tak terkonjugasi. Hal ini terjadi jika cahaya yang diabsorsi jaringan mengubah Bilirubin tak terkonjugasi menjadi dua isomer yang disebut Fotobilirubin. Fotobilirubin bergerak dari jaringan ke pembuluh darah melalui mekanisme difusi. Di dalam darah Fotobilirubin berikatan dengan Albumin dan dikirim ke Hati. Fotobilirubin kemudian bergerak ke Empedu dan diekskresi ke dalam Deodenum untuk dibuang bersama feses tanpa proses konjugasi oleh Hati (Avery dan Taeusch 1984). Hasil Fotodegradasi terbentuk ketika sinar mengoksidasi Bilirubin dapat dikeluarkan melalui urine.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Fototherapi mempunyai peranan dalam pencegahan peningkatan kadar Bilirubin, tetapi tidak dapat mengubah penyebab Kekuningan dan Hemolisis dapat menyebabkan Anemia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Secara umum Fototherapi harus diberikan pada kadar Bilirubin Indirek 4 -5 mg / dl. Neonatus yang sakit dengan berat badan kurang dari 1000 gram harus di Fototherapi dengan konsentrasi Bilirubun 5 mg / dl. Beberapa ilmuan mengarahkan untuk memberikan Fototherapi Propilaksis pada 24 jam pertama pada Bayi Resiko Tinggi dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Tranfusi Pengganti<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Transfusi Pengganti atau Imediat diindikasikan adanya faktor-faktor :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Titer anti Rh lebih dari 1 : 16 pada ibu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Hemolisis berat pada bayi baru lahir.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Hemolisis pada bayi saat lahir perdarahan atau 24 jam pertama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tes Coombs Positif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kadar Bilirubin Direk lebih besar 3,5 mg / dl pada minggu pertama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Serum Bilirubin Indirek lebih dari 20 mg / dl pada 48 jam pertama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hemoglobin kurang dari 12 gr / dl.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bayi dengan Hidrops saat lahir.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bayi pada resiko terjadi Kern Ikterus.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Transfusi Pengganti digunakan untuk :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengatasi Anemia sel darah merah yang tidak Suseptible (rentan) terhadap sel darah merah terhadap Antibodi Maternal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menghilangkan sel darah merah untuk yang Tersensitisasi (kepekaan)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menghilangkan Serum Bilirubin </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Meningkatkan Albumin bebas Bilirubin dan meningkatkan keterikatan dengan Bilirubin</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Pada Rh Inkomptabiliti diperlukan transfusi darah golongan O segera (kurang dari 2 hari), Rh negatif whole blood. Darah yang dipilih tidak mengandung antigen A dan antigen B yang pendek. setiap 4 - 8 jam kadar Bilirubin harus dicek. Hemoglobin harus diperiksa setiap hari sampai stabil. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Therapi Obat<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Phenobarbital dapat menstimulasi hati untuk menghasilkan enzim yang meningkatkan konjugasi Bilirubin dan mengekresinya. Obat ini efektif baik diberikan pada ibu hamil untuk beberapa hari sampai beberapa minggu sebelum melahirkan. Penggunaan penobarbital pada post natal masih menjadi pertentangan karena efek sampingnya (letargi).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Colistrisin dapat mengurangi Bilirubin dengan mengeluarkannya lewat urine sehingga menurunkan siklus Enterohepatika.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Penggolongan Hiperbilirubinemia berdasarkan saat terjadi Ikterus:<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">1. Ikterus yang timbul pada 24 jam pertama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">Penyebab Ikterus terjadi pada 24 jam pertama menurut besarnya kemungkinan dapat disusun sbb: </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Inkomptabilitas darah Rh, ABO atau golongan lain.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Infeksi Intra Uterin (Virus, Toksoplasma, Siphilis dan kadang-kadang Bakteri)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kadang-kadang oleh Defisiensi Enzim G6PD.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">Pemeriksaan yang perlu dilakukan:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kadar Bilirubin Serum berkala.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Darah tepi lengkap.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Golongan darah ibu dan bayi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Test Coombs.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan skrining defisiensi G6PD, biakan darah atau biopsi Hepar bila perlu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">2. Ikterus yang timbul 24 - 72 jam sesudah lahir.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Biasanya Ikterus fisiologis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Masih ada kemungkinan inkompatibilitas darah ABO atau Rh, atau golongan lain. Hal ini diduga kalau kenaikan kadar Bilirubin cepat misalnya melebihi 5mg% per 24 jam.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Defisiensi Enzim G6PD atau Enzim Eritrosit lain juga masih mungkin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Polisetimia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hemolisis perdarahan tertutup ( pendarahan subaponeurosis, pendarahan Hepar, sub kapsula dll).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">Bila keadaan bayi baik dan peningkatannya cepat maka pemeriksaan yang perlu dilakukan:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan darah tepi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan darah Bilirubin berkala.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan skrining Enzim G6PD.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan lain bila perlu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">3. Ikterus yang timbul sesudah 72 jam pertama sampai akhir minggu pertama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Sepsis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Dehidrasi dan Asidosis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Defisiensi Enzim G6PD.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pengaruh obat-obat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Sindroma Criggler-Najjar, Sindroma Gilbert.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">4. Ikterus yang timbul pada akhir minggu pertama dan selanjutnya: </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Karena ikterus obstruktif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hipotiroidisme</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Breast milk Jaundice.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Infeksi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hepatitis Neonatal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Galaktosemia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;">Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang perlu dilakukan:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan Bilirubin berkala.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan darah tepi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Skrining Enzim G6PD.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Biakan darah, biopsi Hepar bila ada indikasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Untuk memberikan keperawatan yang paripurna digunakan proses keperawatan yang meliputi Pengkajian, Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan dan Evaluasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Pengkajian<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Riwayat orang tua :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Ketidakseimbangan golongan darah ibu dan anak seperti Rh, ABO, Polisitemia, Infeksi, Hematoma, Obstruksi Pencernaan dan ASI.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan Fisik : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Kuning, Pallor Konvulsi, Letargi, Hipotonik, menangis melengking, refleks menyusui yang lemah, Iritabilitas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengkajian Psikososial : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Dampak sakit anak pada hubungan dengan orang tua, apakah orang tua merasa bersalah, masalah Bonding, perpisahan dengan anak.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengetahuan Keluarga meliputi : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Penyebab penyakit dan pengobatan, perawatan lebih lanjut, apakah mengenal keluarga lain yang memiliki yang sama, tingkat pendidikan, kemampuan mempelajari Hiperbilirubinemia (Cindy Smith Greenberg. 1988)</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>2. Diagnosa, Tujuan , dan Intervensi<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Berdasarkan pengkajian di atas dapat diidentifikasikan masalah yang memberi gambaran keadaan kesehatan klien dan memungkinkan menyusun perencanaan asuhan keperawatan. Masalah yang diidentifikasi ditetapkan sebagai diagnosa keperawatan melalui analisa dan interpretasi data yang diperoleh.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Kurangnya volume cairan sehubungan dengan tidak adekuatnya intake cairan, fototherapi, dan diare.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan </i></b>: Cairan tubuh neonatus adekuat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>: Catat jumlah dan kualitas feses, pantau turgor kulit, pantau intake output, beri air diantara menyusui atau memberi botol.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Gangguan suhu tubuh (hipertermi) sehubungan dengan efek fototerapi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan</i></b> : Kestabilan suhu tubuh bayi dapat dipertahankan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>: Beri suhu lingkungan yang netral, pertahankan suhu antara 35,5<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span> - 37<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span> C, cek tanda-tanda vital tiap 2 jam.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Gangguan integritas kulit sehubungan dengan hiperbilirubinemia dan diare</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan</i></b> : Keutuhan kulit bayi dapat dipertahankan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi</i></b> : Kaji warna kulit tiap 8 jam, pantau bilirubin direk dan indirek , rubah posisi setiap 2 jam, masase daerah yang menonjol, jaga kebersihan kulit dan kelembabannya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Gangguan parenting sehubungan dengan pemisahan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan</i></b> : Orang tua dan bayi menunjukan tingkah laku “Attachment” , orang tua dapat mengekspresikan ketidak mengertian proses Bounding.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>: Bawa bayi ke ibu untuk disusui, buka tutup mata saat disusui, untuk stimulasi sosial dengan ibu, anjurkan orangtua untuk mengajak bicara anaknya, libatkan orang tua dalam perawatan bila memungkinkan, dorong orang tua mengekspresikan perasaannya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Kecemasan meningkat sehubungan dengan therapi yang diberikan pada bayi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan </i></b>: Orang tua mengerti tentang perawatan, dapat mengidentifikasi gejala-gejala untuk menyampaikan pada tim kesehatan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Kaji pengetahuan keluarga klien, beri pendidikan kesehatan penyebab dari kuning, proses terapi dan perawatannya. Beri pendidikan kesehatan mengenai cara perawatan bayi dirumah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Potensial trauma sehubungan dengan efek fototherapi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan </i></b>: Neonatus akan berkembang tanpa disertai tanda-tanda gangguan akibat fototherapi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Tempatkan neonatus pada jarak 45 cm dari sumber cahaya, biarkan neonatus dalam keadaan telanjang kecuali mata dan daerah genetal serta bokong ditutup dengan kain yang dapat memantulkan cahaya; usahakan agar penutup mata tida menutupi hidung dan bibir; matikan lampu, buka penutup mata untuk mengkaji adanya konjungtivitis tiap 8 jam; buka penutup mata setiap akan disusukan; ajak bicara dan beri sentuhan setiap memberikan perawatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Diagnosa Keperawatan</i></b> : Potensial trauma sehubungan dengan tranfusi tukar</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Tujuan</i></b> : Tranfusi tukar dapat dilakukan tanpa komplikasi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><i>Intervensi </i></b>:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.25in;">Catat kondisi umbilikal jika vena umbilikal yang digunakan; basahi umbilikal dengan NaCl selama 30 menit sebelum melakukan tindakan, neonatus puasa 4 jam sebelum tindakan, pertahankan suhu tubuh bayi, catat jenis darah ibu dan Rhesus serta darah yang akan ditranfusikan adalah darah segar; pantau tanda-tanda vital; selama dan sesudah tranfusi; siapkan suction bila diperlukan; amati adanya ganguan cairan dan elektrolit; apnoe, bradikardi, kejang; monitor pemeriksaan laboratorium sesuai program.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Aplikasi Discharge Planing.<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta perubahan kebutuhan bayi dengan hiperbilirubin (seperti rangsangan, latihan, dan kontak sosial) selalu menjadi tanggung jawab orang tua dalam memenuhinya dengan mengikuti aturan dan gambaran yang diberikan selama perawatan di Rumah Sakit dan perawatan lanjutan dirumah.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Faktor yang harus disampaikan agar ibu dapat melakukan tindakan yang terbaik dalam perawatan bayi hiperbilirubinimea (warley &Wong, 1994):</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan ibu mengungkapkan/melaporkan bila bayi mengalami gangguan-gangguan kesadaran seperti : kejang-kejang, gelisah, apatis, nafsu menyusui menurun.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan ibu untuk menggunakan alat pompa susu selama beberapa hari untuk mempertahankan kelancaran air susu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Memberikan penjelasan tentang prosedur fototherapi pengganti untuk menurunkan kadar bilirubin bayi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menasehatkan pada ibu untuk mempertimbangkan pemberhentian ASI dalam hal mencegah peningkatan bilirubin. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengajarkan tentang perawatan kulit : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Memandikan dengan sabun yang lembut dan air hangat. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Siapkan alat untuk membersihkan mata, mulut, daerah perineal dan daerah sekitar kulit yang rusak. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Gunakan pelembab kulit setelah dibersihkan untuk mempertahankan kelembaban kulit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hindari pakaian bayi yang menggunakan perekat di kulit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hindari penggunaan bedak pada lipatan paha dan tubuh karena dapat mengakibatkan lecet karena gesekan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Melihat faktor resiko yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kulit seperti penekanan yang lama, garukan .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bebaskan kulit dari alat tenun yang basah seperti: popok yang basah karena bab dan bak.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Melakukan pengkajian yang ketat tentang status gizi bayi seperti : turgor kulit, capilari reffil.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>Hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan adalah : <o:p></o:p></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Cara memandikan bayi dengan air hangat (37 -38 <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span> celsius)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan tali pusat / umbilikus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengganti popok dan pakaian bayi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menangis merupakan suatu komunikasi jika bayi tidak nyaman, bosan, kontak dengan sesuatu yang baru</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Temperatur / suhu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pernapasan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Cara menyusui</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Eliminasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan sirkumsisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Imunisasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tanda-tanda dan gejala penyakit, misalnya :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->letargi ( bayi sulit dibangunkan )</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->demam ( suhu > 37 <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span> celsius)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->muntah (sebagian besar atau seluruh makanan sebanyak 2 x)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->diare ( lebih dari 3 x)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->tidak ada nafsu makan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keamanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Mencegah bayi dari trauma seperti; kejatuhan benda tajam (pisau, gunting) yang mudah dijangkau oleh bayi / balita.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Mencegah benda panas, listrik, dan lainnya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Menjaga keamanan bayi selama perjalanan dengan menggunakan mobil atau sarana lainnya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pengawasan yang ketat terhadap bayi oleh saudara - saudaranya.</div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section5"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>BAB III<o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>PERMASALAHAN<o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Tinjauan Kasus :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Nama Klien : By. Ny. X</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Tanggal Lahir Bayi : 19 - 10 - 1996, Jam : 22.20 WIB.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Apgar 1 menit : 9 dan 5 menit : 9.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Berat badan lahir : 2750 gram, Berat badan sekarang : 2550 gram.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Panjang badan : 47 cm, Lingkar kepala : 33 cm, lingkar dada : 36 cm.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Denyut Jantung : 129 x/mt, pernafasan : 44 x/mt.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Bunyi pernafasan paru-paru kiri kanan : Vesikuler, Rinchi/whezing : tidak terdengar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Suhu : 36<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Kepala :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Molding, Caput Sucsadenium, Cephal hematom : tidak ada.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Ubun-ubun besar : ada, Bentuk : Jajaran genjang datar, Ubun-ubun kecil : ada, Bentuk : segitiga datar. Sutura : ada.<b><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Mata, Posisi : simetris, jarak : <u>+ </u>3 cm, Kotoran di mata sebelah kiri : ada, perdarahan : tidak ada.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Telinga : simetris/ datar dengan kepala, perdarahan : tidak ada, Lubang : ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Mulut : simetris, Palatum mol/durum : ada, Gigi : tidak ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Hidung : lubang hidung ada, keluaran : tidak ada , pernafasan cuping hidung : tidak ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Pergerakan leher : positif, tanda lahir : tidak ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Tubuh :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Warna kulit : kuning pada seluruh tubuh.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Pergerakan : aktif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Lanugo : ada pada punggung. Vernix : tidak ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Pengeluaran : mekonium.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Keadaan kulit : pada kedua pergelangan kaki dan tangan, serta di tubuh tampak terkelupas, Hidrasi : baik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Dada : simetris, retraksi, ngorok dan see saw : tidak ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Perut : lembek, Bising usus : 9x/mt.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Tungkai : <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Jari tangan : Kanan : jumlah 5 , Kiri : jumlah 5</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Jari kaki : Kanan : Jumlah 5, Kiri : jumlah 5</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Pergerakan : aktif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Nadi branchial : teraba, 120 x/menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Nadi femoral : teraba, 120 x/menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Tremor : tidak ada</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Rotasi paha : normal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Garis telapak tangan : jelas, telapak kaki : jelas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Posisi kaki : fleksi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Punggung <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Fleksibelitas tulang punggung : normal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Simetris, pretudal dumple</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Lobang anus : ada</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Genitalia<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Jenis kelamin : laki-laki</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Lubang penis : hipospadia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">B.a.b. : pertama : tanggal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">B.a.k : pertama : tanggal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Jenis makanan : ASI ditambah susu formula</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Refleks<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Mengisap : baik, rooting : baik, menggenggam : baik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Moro : baik, berjalan menapak, tonus leher : baik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Menangis : kuat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Keadaan umum : agak lemah</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Hasil Laboratorium : <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 22 Oktober 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hb : 18,2 gr. %</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilirubin : 17,8 gr %</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 23 Oktober 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilirubin Indirek : 10,84 gr %</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilirubin Direk : 0,99 gr %</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilirubin total : 11, 83 gr %</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Terapi yang diberikan<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 19 Oktober 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Vitamin K 1 mg peroral</div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 20 Oktober 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Vitamin K 1 mg peroral</div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 22 Oktober 1996</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .6in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Infus N-4 dilengan sebelah kiri, dengan tetesan microdrip 10 tetes / menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .6in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Sinar ultra violet (jam 12.00 Wib)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .6in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Parficillin 4 x 75 mg</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .6in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Luminal 2 x 5 ml</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .6in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->FFP 50 cc, belum diberikan, masih dalam proses untuk mendapatkannya.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Ringkasan riwayat kehamilan dan persalinan<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Masalah-masalah kehamilan : tidak ada</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Persalinan Kala I : 10 jam 10 menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Kala II : 10 menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> Pecah ketuban : 1 jam 20 menit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Jenis Persalinan : pervaginam</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Obat-obat yang diberikan : Citosinon 5 unit IM.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Pengkajian Keluarga <o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Adaptasi Psikologi Ibu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Perasaan ibu setelah bayi lahir : merasa senang dan mulai tercipta hubungan yang baru, tetapi bayi harus dipisah karena mengalami hiperbilirubinemia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Adanya ikatan kasih : terjadi pada saat baru lahir.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Data obyektif : ibu bertingkah laku pasif, lebih banyak berdiam diri, masih tergantung dan perlu bantuan orang lain.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"> Adaptasi psikologi ayah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Respon ayah setelah bayi lahir: merasa bahagia dapat melahirkan dengan selamat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Keterlibatan dalam persalinan : mengantar, menunggu sampai bayi lahir.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Ketidaleluasaan karena peraturan Rumah Sakit : ayah ingin ikut dalam proses persalinan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Tanggapan tentang penyakitnya : tidak tahu-menahu tentang penyakitnya, beranggapan penyakit ini sebagai penyakit keturunan / kesalahan dari orang tua.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Adaptasi psikologi keluarga </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Menimbulkan perubahan : ya, terutama perubahan peran karena bertambahnya anggota keluarga.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Apakah terjadi sibling: belum terpikirkan oleh keluarga .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Apakah ada anggota keluarga yang terlibat dalam perawatan bayi : semua anggora keluarga terlibat dalam merawat bayinya. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">Tanggapan terhadap penyakitnya : tidak tahu-menahu dan belum mempunyai pengalaman dalam riwayat keluarga belum pernah terjadi penyakit tersebut.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>MASALAH KEPERAWATAN :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.2in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan pemenuhan kebutuhan cairan, Asi, Pasi (bila Asi belum ada) harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan tubuh bayi untuk mengatasi efek samping fototherapi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.2in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan perubahan suhu tubuh sebagai efek fototherapi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]--> Perawatan Integritas kulit .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.2in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bimbingan pada keluarga karena dipisahkan dengan bayinya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.2in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bimbingan pada kecemasan keluarga karena ketidaktahuan tentang penyakit dan therapi yang diberikan pada bayinya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.2in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mempersiapkan keluarga untuk perawatan lanjutan dirumah.</div></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section6"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>BAB IV. <o:p></o:p></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="Section7"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 1021px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.45in;" width="139"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Nama Klien :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Bangsal/Tanggal :</b></div></td> <td colspan="6" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 534.0pt;" width="712"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Bayi Ny. X</div><div class="MsoNormal">RSB. Budi Kemuliaan<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Mata Ajaran : Maternitas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Tanggal 22 Oktober 1996 </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.8pt;" width="142"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Dx. Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Tujuan<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Intervensi<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rasional<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Implementasi<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Evaluasi<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->Potensial kurangnya volume cairan sehu-bungan dengan tidak adekuatnya intake cairan, fototherapi dan diare.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data Obyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bayi di fototherapi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bayi diare</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal">Meningkatkan intake cairan yang adekuat.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan Asi/Pasi segera dalam waktu 4 - 6 jam setelah pindah ke ruang post partum</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan Asi\Pasi setiap 3 - 4 jam dan diselingi pemberian air minum tambahan .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan makanan sesuai dengan petunjuk</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan cairan per infus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kaji pola menelan, bising usus, eliminasi urin, pola tidur dan iritabilitas setiap hari</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Catat adanya tanda-tanda dehidrasi seperti : ubun-ubun cekung, suhu meningkat, turgor kulit jelek atau membran mukosa kering.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pemberian makan sedini mungkin (waktu 4 - 6 jam) cenderung untuk mengurangi / menekan hasil bilirubin yang tinggi. Menstimulasi aktivitas usus dan pem-buangan pigmen mekonium yang mengandung bilirubin sehingga dapat mencegah reabsorpsi dari intestinum. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hidrasi yang adekuat mem-permudah pengeluaran / eliminasi dan ekskresi bilirubin. Mengganti cairan yang hilang melalui feses jika difototherapi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Meningkatkan peristaltik dan ekskresi empedu sebelum terjadi resirkulasi entero-hepatik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Cairan intravena diberikan bila bayi mengalami dehidrasi atau jika ada komplikasi lain.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Untuk mengetahui sedini mungkin adanya tanda-tanda bahaya. Bayi mungkin mengalami pengeluaran feses yang hijau dan cair.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Untuk mengetahui tanda-tanda dehidrasi secara dini dan dapat pencegahanya terjadi-nya dehidrasi.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->Potensial gangguan suhu tubuh (hipertermi) sehu-bungan dengan efek fototherapi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal">Kesetabilan suhu tubuh bayi dapat dipertahankan.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kriteria:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Suhu kulit dan ketiak 36,5<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C-37<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Suhu rektal 36,7<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C-37,2<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Tidak ada tanda-tanda hipertermia</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Monitor suhu axila kulit dan suhu rektal setiap 30-60 menit selama penyinaran.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pertahankan suhu Box dengan mengatur fentilasi /pintu box perta-hankan suhu 37<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Observasi tanda-tanda vital, catat adanya : tachipnoe.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Catat adanya tanda-tanda stress: gelisah, kulit kering dan warna kemerahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Pertahankan modalitas foto-therapi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Catat adanya tanda-tanda dehidrasi seperti : ubun-ubun cekung, suhu meningkat, turgor kulit jelek atau membran mukosa kering.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Metabolisme meningkat bila suhu meningkat.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Mencegah ketidak seimbang-an panas secara bertahap pada bayi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Respon adanya peningkatan metabolisme menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan O2 (Asidosis Respiratorik)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hipertermi akan mempenga-ruhi sistim sirkulasi sehingga terjadi fasodilatasi untuk mengeluarkan keringat dalam mempertahankan suhu tubuh</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Modalitas pemngobatan ter-gantung pada tingkat kadar bilirubin, waktu serangan dan adanya penyakit lain</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Suhu axila lebih dari 37,5<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span>C dianggap hipertermia dan dianggap pengeluaran panas yang berlebihan pada bayi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->Gangguan Integritas kulit sehubungan dengan hiperbilirubinimea dan diare.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data Obyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kulit pada kedua per- gelangan tangan serta tubuh terkelupas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Warna kulit bayi kuning (Ikterus)</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Keutuhan kulit bayi dapat dipertahankan.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kaji tanda-tanda ikterus / jaundice selengkap-lengkap-nya dgn menggunakan sinar matahari bila mungkin., observasi skelra, observasi warna kulit, dan kaji dengan menekan kulit pada bagian yang keras, cek mukosa mulut, bagian belakang dari palatum keras dan kantung kojungtiva (untuk bayi yang berkulit hitam).</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Bersihkan dan mengganti popok setiap b.a.b.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Jaundice merupakan tanda-tanda awal adanya hiper-bilirubinemia. Karena lampu buatan akan mengaburkan pengkajian. Jaundice perta-ma kali terlihat pada sklera yang menguning. Dengan menekan akan muncul warna kuning setelah tekanan dilepaskan. Pigmen pada orang kulit hitam normal akan terlihat kuning.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Seringnya b.a.b. merupakan faktor resiko kerusakan kulit.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<!--[endif]-->Gangguan parenting sehubungan dengan pemisahan</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Orang tua dan bayi menunjukkan tingkah laku Attachment, orang tua dapat mengekspresikan proses Bonding.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Buka tutup mata bayi saat disusui.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan orangtua untuk mengajak bicara anaknya.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Libatkan orang tua dalam perawatan bila memungkin-kan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Menganjurkan orang tua mengekspresikan perasaannya </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<!--[endif]-->Kecemasan meningkat sehubungan dengan ketidaktahuan tentang perjalanan penyakit dan therapi yang diberikan pada bayi.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data Subyektif:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Klien/keluarga selalu menanyakan tindakan yang akan diberikan.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data Obyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Program therapi yang harus dilakukan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Ibu tampak takut saat melihat keadaan bayinya.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal">Orang tua menegerti tentang perawatan, keluarga dapat ber- partisipasi meng- identifikasi gejala-gejala untuk men- yampaikan pada tim kesehatan</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Kaji pengetahuan keluarga tentang perawatan bayi ikterus </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan penjelasan tentang:</div><div class="MsoNormal">Penyebab ikterus, proses terapi, dan perawatanya.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan penjelasan setiap akan melakukan tindakan .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: skip; text-indent: -.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Diskusikan tentang keadaan bayi dan program-program yang akan dilakukan selama di rumah sakit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Ciptakan hubungan yang akrab dengan keluarga selama melakukan perawatan </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Memberikan bahan masukan bagi perawat sebelum me- lakukan pendidikan kesehat- an kepada keluarga</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Dengan mengerti penyebab ikterus, program terapi yang diberikan keluarga dapat menerima segala tindakan yang diberikan kepada bayinya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Informasi yang jelas sangat penting dalam membantu mengurangi kecemasan keluarga</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Komunikasi secara terbuka dalam memecahkan satu per-masalahan dapat mengurangi kecemasan keluarga.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Hubungan yang akrab dapat meningkatkan partisipasi keluarga dalam merawat bayi ikterus</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Melakukan pengkajian tentang pengetahuan keluarga dimana keluarga belum mengerti sama sekali tentang bayi ikterus dan cara merawatnya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Memberikan penjelasan tentang penyebab bayi ikterus, tindakan keparawatan yang diberikan selama di rumah sakit dan di rumah, jika pulang. Seperti : cara mempertahankan suhu tubuh normal, memberikan ASI, memandikan bayi, merawat tali pusat, mengganti pakaian, dan pemberian imunisasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Memberikan penjelasan sebelum melakukan tindakan, seperti; memasang infus, memberikan fototerapi dan obat-obat injeksi atau obat lainnya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Melakukan diskusi bersama keluarga tentang prinsip-prinsip yang bisa dilakukan oleh keluarga dalam merawat bayi ikterus selama di rumah sakit dan di rumah </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Mengajak keluarga untuk bersama-sama merawat bayinya, seperti</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<!--[endif]-->Gannguan proses keluarga sehubungan dengan respon keluarga yang kurang terhadap kondisi bayi. </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 98.9pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div class="MsoNormal">Keluarga dapat menerima kondisi bayi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 133.25pt;" valign="top" width="178"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.5pt;" valign="top" width="205"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.1pt;" valign="top" width="148"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="2"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<!--[if !supportMisalignedColumns]-->
<tr height="0"> <td style="border: none;" width="143"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="12"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="135"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="182"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="182"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="210"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="8"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="144"></td> <td style="border: none;" width="2"></td> </tr>
<!--[endif]--> </tbody></table></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="Section8"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 1021px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" width="142"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Nama Klien :<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Bangsal/Tanggal :</b></div></td> <td colspan="4" style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 543.3pt;" width="724"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Mata Ajaran : Maternitas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"> <b> </b></div></td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.65pt;" width="145"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:72.75pt;height:72.75pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\aqwa\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title="logo unair"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="97" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/aqwa/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="97" /><!--[endif]--></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder;" width="10"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>No<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Diagnosa Keperawatan<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Tujuan<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Intervensi<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rasionalisasi<o:p></o:p></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal">1.</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kaji tanda-tanda ikterus / jaundice selengkap-lengkapnya dengan meng-gunakan sinar matahari bila mungkin., observasi skelra, observasi warna kulit, dan kaji dengan menekan kulit pada bagian yang keras, cek mukosa mulut, bagian belakang dari palatum keras dan kantung kojungtiva (untuk bayi yang berkulit hitam)</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Jaga bayi untuk tetap hangat.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Jaundice merupakan tanda-tanda awal adanya hiperbilirubinemia. Karena lampu buatan akan mengaburkan pengkajian.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Jaundice pertama kali terlihat pada sklera yang menguning. Dengan menekan akan muncul warna kuning setelah tekanan dilepaskan. Pigmen pada orang kulit hitam normal akan terlihat kuning.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Menjaga agar tidak terjadi hipotermia.</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal">2.</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Potensial injuri sehubungan dengan kojungtivitis, hipotermia, dan dehidrasi karena penggunaan fototerapi.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data Obyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Mendapat fototerapi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Tidak menggunakan pakaian dengan mata dan genitalia tidak tertutup selama fototerapi.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Tidak mengalami kerusakan mata, dehidrasi dan hipertermi selama fototerapi.</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Mempertahankan modalitas pengobatan</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Berikan fototerapi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Tutup mata selama penyinaran</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Pindahkan bayi dari cahaya fototerapi dan lepas penutup mata selama pemberian makan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kaji mata terhadap konjungtivitis dan abrasi kornea</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Gunakan penutup yang minimal</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Rubah posisi tiap 2 jam</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Monitor suhu kulit dan suhu inti tiap 1 jam sampai suhu tubuh stabil</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Berikan ekstra cairan</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kaji tanda-tanda dehidrasi, yakni : turgor kulit jelek, depresi fontanela, mata cekung, penurunan berat badan, perubahan elektrolit, penurunan output urin.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Observasi adanya kemerahan pada kulit</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Cek suhu inkubator</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Matikan waktu saat mengambil darah untuk pemeriksaan bilirubin.</div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Modalitas pemngobatan tergantung pada tingkat kadar bilirubin, waktu serangan dan adanya penyakit lain</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Menurunkan serum bilirubin dengan memperlancar ekskresi bilirubin tak terkojugasi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Melindungi retina dari kerusakan akibat cahaya dengan intensitas tinggi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Memungkinkan stimulasi visual </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Mungkin disebabkan oleh iritasi dari penutup mata</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Memungkinkan penyinaran yang merata</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Mengefektifkan penyinaran dan mencegah penekanan pada satu tempat</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Hipotermi dan hipertermi merupakan komplikasi yang umum dari fototerapi</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Untuk menjamin hidrasi yang adekuat. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Fototerapi dapat menyebabkan peningkatan IWL. Bayi kadar bilirubin yang tinggi dapat menjadi letargi dan sulit untuk makan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kemerahan dihubungkan dengan fototerapi yang meningkatkan kadar bilirubin direk atau kerusakan hati dapat hilang 2 - 4 mg/dl</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Penambahan panas dari fototerapi sering meningkatkan suhu badan dan suhu cove.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Karena pemaparan darah pada fototerapi akan mempengaruhi kadar bilirubin</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal">4.</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Potensial terjadinya gangguan volume cairan sehubungan dengan tidak adekuatnya intake cairan, fototherapi dan diare.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Keseimbangan cairan terpenuhi/terpelihara</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Observasi intake dan out put, turgor kulit,</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Observasi tanda-tanda vital : Nadi, Suhu , Respirasi,Kesadaran, refleks,tiap 30 - 60 menit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Berikan minum air diantara pemberian ASI.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.45pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal">4.</div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.3pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Kecemasan orang tua sehubungan dengan punya anak yang mengalami jaundice.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data obyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Orang tua tampak cemas</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Data subyektif :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Menanyakan tentang keadaan anak dan proses penyakit. </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Orang tua mendapatkan informasi mengenai proses penyakit, penyebab, dan hasi yang dicapai.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Orang tua memahami alasan untuk mengaktifkan pemberian ASI sesaat dan cara memompa susu. </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Berikan penjelasan mengenai :</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kondisi bayi, modalitas pengobatan, alasan mengapa ibu harus menghentikan pemberian ASI.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Jelaskan pemberian ASI dihentikan sementara :</div><div class="MsoNormal">Kaji pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemompaan ASI dan memberikan informasi serta dukungan sesuai yang dibutuhkan.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Bantu ibu dalam menyusui ulang</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Berikan rangsang taktil selama memberi makan dan mengganti popok.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Melakukan sentuhan dan kontak mata ibu dan bayi selama pemberian ASI, bayi diajak bicara.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Dukung orang tua untuk masuk ke dalam ruang perawatan dalam memberi makan dan menyentuh bayi.</div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.2pt;" valign="top" width="246"> <div class="MsoNormal">Orang tua tidak memahami mengapa dan apa terjadi keadaan tersebut. </div><div class="MsoNormal">Pengobatan bermacam-macam ; orang tua tidak memahami pengobatan yang diberikan</div><div class="MsoNormal">ASI merupakan penyebab jaundice yang belum jelas. Kadar bilirubin serum menurun dalam waktu 48 jam setelah pemberian ASI dan dihentikan. Pendapat dari dokter, para ahli yang lain tentang hal ini masih berbeda-beda.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">ASI merupakan penyebab jaundice yang belum jelas. Kadar bilirubin serum menurun dalam waktu 48 jam setelah pemberian ASI dan dihentikan. Pendapat dari dokter, para ahli yang lain tentang hal ini masih berbeda-beda.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Ibu mungkin perlu dukungan dan informasi untuk memulai kembali memberikan ASI</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Neonatus perlu stimulasi taktil </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Memberikan rasa nyaman dan menurunkan gangguan sensorik Adanya alat di ruang perawatan menyebabkan orang tua tidak mau atau segan untuk masuk ke dalam ruang perawatan</div></td> </tr>
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<!--[endif]--> </tbody></table></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoTitle">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">H. Markum : <b><i>” Ilmu Kesehatan Anak”.</i></b> Buku I, Jakarta, FKUI, 1991.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Bobak, J. <b><i>: ”Materity and Gynecologic Care”,</i></b> Precenton, 1985.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Cloherty, P. John : <b><i>”Manual of Neonatal Care”,</i></b> USA, 1981.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Harper : ”Biokimia”, Jakarta, EGC, 1994.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Jack A. Pritchard dkk : <b><i>”Obstetri Williams”,</i></b> Edisi XVII, Surabaya, Airlangga University Press, 1991</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Marlene Mayers, et. al. : <b><i>”Clinical Care Planes Pediatric Nursing”,</i></b> New York, Mc.Graw-Hill. Inc, 1995.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Mary Fran Hazinki : <b><i>”Nursing Care of Critically Ill Child”,</i></b> Toronto, The Mosby Compani CV, 1984.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;">Susan R. J. et. al. : <b><i>”Child Health Nursing”,</i></b> California, 1988.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18710640/IKTERUS.DOC.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -56.7pt;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://infoaskepgratis.blogspot.com/2012/02/pathway-woc-ikterus-diagram-mekanisme.html" target="_blank">DOWNLOAD PATHWAY DISINI</a></span></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-13932050898367202632012-02-26T20:14:00.000-08:002012-02-26T20:14:47.821-08:00Pathway / WOC Ikterus / Diagram Mekanisme Billirubin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXAZ94zr2qenJ5kCdWv8RdTqD3dW5hW_Y5YCmxpUwCRXR7JCkniSZ4sR81-VHHI1VTMsuQkRkl_VP-ntxpJm7JomsZLFnkKLzt6wpkVkrPRr0kqKUyBcZ3Ey0bMZYpQkBxB8jKbr_jdKgG/s1600/path1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXAZ94zr2qenJ5kCdWv8RdTqD3dW5hW_Y5YCmxpUwCRXR7JCkniSZ4sR81-VHHI1VTMsuQkRkl_VP-ntxpJm7JomsZLFnkKLzt6wpkVkrPRr0kqKUyBcZ3Ey0bMZYpQkBxB8jKbr_jdKgG/s320/path1.PNG" width="253" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18710566/DiagramMetabolismeBilirubin.docx.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">Download Patway Disini</span></a></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-25753424854536204192012-02-24T06:10:00.000-08:002012-02-24T06:10:09.729-08:00Asuhan Keperawatan Anemia<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Anemia adalah istilah yang menunjukkan rendahnya hitung sel darah merah dan kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit di bawah normal. Anemia bukan merupakan penyakit, melainkan merupakan pencerminan keadaan suatu penyakit atau gangguan fungsi tubuh. Anemia terjadi apabila terdapat kekurangan jumlah hemoglobin untuk mengangkut oksigen ke jaringan (Brunner and Suddart, 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--></div><a name='more'></a>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyebab<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Penyebab menurut Brunner and Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sel darah merah premature/ penghancuran sel darah merah yang berlebih (hemolisis)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kehilangan darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Defisit zat besi dan nutrisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit kronis yang berhubungan dengan infeksi, inflamasi, kerusakan jaringan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Patofisiologi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Menurut Sylvia Anderson (1995) timbulnya anemia mencerminkan adanya kegagalan sumsum atau kehilangan sel darah merah berlebih atau keduanya kegagalan sumsum (mis. berkurangnya eritropoesis) dapat terjadi karena kekurangan nutrisi pajanan toksis, invasi tumor atau kebanyakan akibat penyebab yang tidak diketahui.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Apabila jumlah efektif sel darah merah berkurang, maka lebih sedikit O<sub>2</sub> yang dikirimkan ke jaringan. Kehilangan darah yang mendadak (30% atau lebih), seperti pada perdarahan, menimbulkan simtomatologi sekunder hipovolemia dan hipoksemia tanda dan gejala yang sering muncul adalah gelisah, deaforosis (keringat dingin) takikardi, sesak napas, kolaps sirkulasi yang progresif cepat atau syok. Namun pengurangan hebat massa sel darah merah dalam waktu beberapa bulan (walaupun pengurangan 50%) memungkinkan mekanisme kompensasi tubuh menyesuaikan diri, dan biasanya penderita asimtomatik kecuali pada kerja jasmani berat. Mekanisme kompensasi tubuh bekerja melalui:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Peningkatan curah jantung dan pernapasan, karena itu menambah pengiriman O<sub>2</sub> ke jaringan-jaringan oleh sel darah merah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Meningkatkan pelepasan O<sub>2</sub> oleh hemoglobin</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mengembangkan volume plasma dengan menarik cairan dari sela-sela jaringan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Redistribusi aliran darah ke organ-organ vital</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi Klinis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Pada anemia, karena semua sistem organ dapat terlibat, maka dapat menimbulkan manifestasi klinik yang luas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001), manifestasi ini bergantung pada:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kecepatan timbulnya anemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Umur individu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mekanisme kompensasinya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tingkat aktivitasnya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keadaan penyakit yang mendasari</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Parahnya anemia tersebut</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001) gejala-gejala umum anemia antara lain :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan, kelelahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Takikardi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Palpitasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pusing tinnitus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Takipnea pada latihan fisik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pucat pada kulit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kongjungtiva anemis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->h.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nyeri dada (angina)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Klasifikasi Anemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001), anemia diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia aplastik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Anemia aplastik adalah anemia yang disebabkan oleh penurunan sel prekursor dalam sumsum tulang dan lemak menggantikan sumsum tulang (Charlene J. Reeves, 2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Etiologi menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor congenital</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Akibat dari infeksi tertentu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Obat-obatan, zat kimia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kerusakan akibat radiasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Penyerang yang paling umum adalah antimikrobial (klorampenikol), arsenic organik, antikonvulsan, fenibutazon sulfonamid. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Manifestasi klinis menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Awitan terhadap ditandai dengan kelemahan, puncak, sesak napas pada saat latihan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pendarahan abnormal akibat trombositopenia merupakan gejala satu-satunya pada sepertiga pasien.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Adanya granulosit ditunjukkan dengan demam, faringitis akut, bentuk pepsis lain dan pendarahan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia defisiensi besi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Anemia defisiensi besi adalah suatu kondisi dimana kandungan besi tubuh total tidak adekuat untuk perkembangan sel darah optimal. (Sandra M. Nettina, 2002)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Etiologi menurut Sandra M. Nettina (2002)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kehilangan darah kronis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Malabsorbsi besi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Contoh : pada penyakit usus halus atau gastroenterostomi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Peningkatan kebutuhan besi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Contoh : pada kehamilan atau periode pertumbuhan secara tepat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Insufiensi makanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Disebabkan oleh ketidakadekuatan diet atau penurunan berat badan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Anemia defisiensi besi adalah jenis anemia yang paling umum. Anemia ini terutama terjadi pada wanita pramenopause, anak-anak dalam dorongan pertumbuhan cepat dan wanita.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Manifestasi klinis menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sel-sel darah merahnya hipokromik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gejala-gejala anemia : keletihan, peka rangsang, kebas dan kesemutan pada ekstremitas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jika berat, mungkin akan mengalami lidah sakit dan terlihat rata : pika.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hemoglobin secara proporsional rendah dibandingkan dengan hematokrit dan jumlah sel darah merah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Konsentrasi besi serum rendah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kapasitas ikatan besi total tinggi, feritin serum rendah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jumlah sel darah putih biasanya normal, jumlah trombosit bervariasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia Megaloblastik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Anemia megaloblastik adalah anemia yang disebabkan oleh definisi vitamin B12 dan defisiensi asam folat yang memperlihatkan perubahan sumsum tulang dan darah perifer yang identik (Brunner dan Suddart, 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Etiologi menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Defisiensi vitamin B12</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Defisiensi asam folat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gangguan metabolisme Vit B12 dan asam folat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gangguan sintesis DNA akibat, didapat setelah pemberian obat atau sito statik tertentu.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Klasifikasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia defisiensi vitamin B12/ Anemia pernisiosa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ketidakadekuatan masukan pada vegetarian yang ketat/ vegetarian yang tidak makan daging sama sekali</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tidak adanya faktor intrinsik pada sel mukosa lambung</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit yang melibatkan ilium atau pancreas yang merusak absorpsi vit B12 dan gastrektomi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis menurut Charlene J. Reeves (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Secara bertahap menjadi lemah, lesu, cepat capek pucat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lidah berwarna merah karena peradangan/ glossitis, sakit dan halus serta diare ringan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kerusakan modulla spinalis mengakibatkan kekacauan mental, bingung, ketidakseimbangan paresteria pada ekstremitas, kehilangan rasa posis yang mantap.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia defisiensi asam folak</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Asam folak merupakan vitamin yang penting untuk pembentukan sel darah merah yang normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Indikasi menurut Charlene J. Reeves (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pasien yang jarang makan sayur dan buah mentah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pasien dengan masukan makanan yang rendah vitamin</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Peminum alcohol/ alkoholisme</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penderita malnutrisi kronis memiliki resiko tinggi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Semua pasien mempunyai karakteristik anemia megaloblastik sejalan dengan nyeri lidah. Gejala defisiensi asam folat dan vitamin B12 hampir mirip dan kedua anemia ini dapat terjadi bersama. Tetapi manifestasi neurologist tidak terjadi pada defisiensi asam folat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penatalaksanaan menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemberian diit nutrisi dan 1 mg asam folat setiap hari</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Asam folat intra muskuler untuk sindrom malabsorpsi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Asam folat oral diberikan bentuk tablet (kecuali vitamin prenatal)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia hemolitik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Anemia hemolitik adalah anemia yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya penghancuran (hemolisis) eritrosit yang berlebihan (Brunner dan Suddart, 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Pada anemia hemolitik ini eritrosit memiliki rentang usia yang memendek (Brunner dan Suddart, 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Klasifikasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001), golongan dengan penyebab hemolisis intraseluler yang terdapat dalam eritrosit sendiri. Umumnya penyebab hemolisis golongan ini adalah kelainan bawaan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Adanya gangguan metabolisme dalam eritrosit yaitu gangguan struktur dinding eritrosit, gangguan enzim yang mengaktifkan kelainan metabolisme dalam eritrosit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Jumlah retikulosot dalam darah meningkat, kelainan bentuk eritrosit, kelainan struktur tulang.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penatalaksanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Transfuse darah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Golongan dengan penyebab hemolisis ekstra seluler</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Biasanya penyebab merupakan faktor yang didapat (acquired)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Obat-obatan, racun ular, bahan kimia, toksin, streptokokus, virus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan laboratorium</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Ditemukan albumin dalam urine.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penatalaksanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Pemberian tranfusi darah, prednisone/hidrokortison, kortikosteroid</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia pasca perdarahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Etiologi menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Kehilangan darah karena kecelakaan, operasi, perdarahan usus, ulkus peptikum, hemoroid. Jadi umumnya karena kehilangan darah yang mendadak atau menahan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi klinis menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2001) apabila kehilangan darah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengaruh yang timbul segera</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Akibat kehilangan darah yang cepat terjadi reflek cardia vaskuler yang fisiologis berupa kontraksi orteiola, pengurangan cairan darah atau komponennya ke organ tubuh yang kurang vital (otak dan jantung).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Gejala yang timbul tergantung dari cepat dan banyaknya darah yang hilang dan apakah tubuh masih dapat mengadakan kompensasi. Kehilangan darah 200 ml pada orang dewasa yang terjadi dengan cepat dapat lebih berbahaya daripada kehilangan darah sebanyak 3000ml dalam waktu yang lama.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengaruh lambat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Beberapa jam setelah perdarahan terjadi pergeseran cairan ekstraseluler dan intravaskuler yaitu agar isi iontravaskuler dan tekanan osmotik dapat dipertahankan tetapi akibatnya terjadi hemodilati.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Gejala yang ditemukan adalah leukositosis (15.000-20.000/mm<sup>3</sup>) nilai hemoglobin, eritrosit dan hematokrit merendah akibat hemodilasi. Untuk mempertahankan metabolisme, sebagai kompensasi sistem eritropoenik menjadi hiperaktif, kadang-kadang terlihat gejala gagal jantung. Pada orang dewasa keadaan hemodelasi dapat menimbulkan kelainan cerebral dan infark miokard karena hipoksemia. Sebelum ginjal kembali normal akan ditemukan oliguria atau anuria sebagai akibat berkurangnya aliran ke ginjal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proses Keperawatan (<i>Nursing Care Plan</i>)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nursing Care Plan (Proses Keperawatan 1)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diagnosa keperawatan : Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh (Seila Spark Ralp, 2005) </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian : intake nutrisi tidak mencukupi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan metabolik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batasan karakteristik </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Konjuctiva dan membrane mucus pucat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lemah otot untuk menelan/ mengunyah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Enggan makan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tidak mampu mengunyah makanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Suara usus hiperaktif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh kapiler rapuh</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diare</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(h)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Melaporkan perubahan sensasi rasa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(i)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kram abdominal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor yang berhubungan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Tidak mampu dalam memasukkan, mencerna, mengobservasi makanan karena biologi, psikologi, atau ekonomi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perencanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo11; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tujuan : Klien mampu mencapai intake nutrisi yang adekuat setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo11; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NOC</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 77.4pt; width: 416px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Indikator </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">5</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Masukan nutrisi</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Masukan makan dan minum</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Energi</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Berat badan </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Ket : 1. Sangat tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"> 2. Sering tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"> 3. Kadang tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"> 4. Jarang tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"> 5. Sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo11; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NIC</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Manajemen nutrisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi keadaan umum</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Berikan/ sajikan makanan selagi hangat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan pada keluarga untuk memberi makanan sampingan yang tidak bertentangan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Laksanakan terapi dokter pemberian rantin dan pemberian obat oral</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kolaborasi dengan ahli gizi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Instruksikan dan Bantu memilih makanan yang tepat, hindari makanan yg mengandung lemak</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nursing Care Plan (Proses Keperawatan 2)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diagnosa keperawatan: Intoleransi aktivitas </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian : ketidakcukupan energi secara fisiologis/ psikologis dalam pemenuhan aktivitas sehari-hari yang dibutuhkan atau diperlukan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batasan karakteristik :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Laporan verbal : kelelahan dan kelemahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Respon terhadap aktivitas menunjukkan nadi dan tekanan darah abnormal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perubahan EKG menunjukkan aritmia/ disritmia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dispnea dan ketidaknyamanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor yang berhubungan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tirah baring/ imobilisasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan secara menyeluruh</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan suplai oksigen </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l10 level8 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gaya hidup yang menetap</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perencanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tujuan : Klien mampu melakukan perawatan diri setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NOC</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 95.4pt; width: 374px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">Indikator </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">5</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Mandi</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Makan </div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Berhias </div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Toeliting</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 132.0pt;" valign="top" width="176"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Pindah dari tempat tidur </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.25pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 87.85pt; text-align: justify;">Ket : </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 103.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 104.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tergantung penuh</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 103.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 104.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tergantung alat dan orang lain</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 103.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 104.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tergantung orang lain</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 103.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 104.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tergantung alat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 103.7pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 104.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mandiri</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NIC </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Manajemen energi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi kemampuan klien</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bantu klien dalam pemenuhan ADL</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ajarkan pada keluarga tentang pentingnya perawatan diri</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi TTV sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kolaborasi pada keluarga pemberian pengawasan ekstra</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jamin klien dilakukan alih secara teratur </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 108.15pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 108.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Monitor keluhan klien saat duduk, berdiri atau berjalan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Splenomegali</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Splenomegali adalah pembesaran pada limpa. Jika limpa membesar kemampuannya untuk menangkap dan menyimpan sel-sel darah akan meningkat. Splenomegali dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya jumlah sel darah merah, sel darah putih dalam sirkulasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">(<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a>).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyebab</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Splenomegali menurut <a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a> disebabkan karena :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Infeksi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hepatitis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mononukleus infeksiosa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Psitakosis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Endokarditis bakterialis subakut</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bruselosis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kala azar</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sifilis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->h)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tuberculosis </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Elliptositosis herediter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sferositosis herediter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit sel sabit (terutama pada anak-anak)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Thalassemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kanker darah dan penyakit proliferatif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Hodgkin dan limfoma lainnya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Leukemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mielofibrosis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Polisitemia vera</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit peradangan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Amiloidosis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sindroma Feity</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sarkoidosis </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lupus eritematosus sistemik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit hati: sirosis </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit penimbunan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Gaucher</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Hand-Schuller- Christian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Lettere – Siwe</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Niemann-Pick</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyebab lain</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kisata dalam limpa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penekanan terhadap vena dari limpa atau vena yang menunju ke hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Bekuan darah vena dari limpa atau vena yang menuju ke hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Patofisiologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Menurut <a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembengkakan limpa akibat hyperplasia retikuloendotelial atau system imun pada penyakit seperti sindroma felts, hyperplasia retikuloendotelial juga terjadi pada penyakit yang terkait dengan destruksi sel darah merah yang abnormal seperti sferositosia herediter, talasemia atau pada keadaan dini penyakit sel bulan sabit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembengkakan limpa karena darah limpa yang berubah pada serosis hati/ limpa, trombosis vena hepatica/ porta.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Neoplasma ganas dapat menyerang limpa baik secara primer seperti pada limfoma/ angiosarkoma, atau secara sekunder seperti leukemia/ tumor padat metastatik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembengkakan limpa dapat terjadi dalam keadaan yang menyebabkan hematopolesis di luar sumsum pada limpa. Seperti pada metaplasia meiloid/ sindroma mielofisik lainnya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Infiltrasi limpa oleh bahan abnormal pada penyakit amiloidosis dan gaucher yang dapat menyebabkan splenomegali.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Splenomegali dapat disebabkan oleh lesi “space-accupy” seperti hemangioma dan kista. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi Klinis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Menurut <a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a> yaitu jika limpa terlalu banyak membuang sel darah dari sirkulasi (hipersplenisme) bisa timbul sejumlah masalah seperti :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anemia (karena jumah sel darah merah berkurang)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sering mengalami infeksi (karena jumlah sel darah putih berkurang)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelainan perdarahan (karena trombosit berkurang)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Pada akhirnya limpa sangat membesar juga menekan sel darah merah yang normal dan menghancurkannya bersama dengan sel-sel yang normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;">Limpa yang membesar tidak menyebabkan banyak gejala, dan tidak satupun gejala yang menunjukkan penyebab membesarnya limpa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;">Limpa yang membesar terletak di dekat lambung dan bisa menekan lambung, sehingga penderita bisa merasakan perutnya penuh meskipun baru makan sedikit makanan kecil atau bahkan belum makan apa-apa. (Kurt J. Lesselbacher, et.al, 1999)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;">Penderita juga bisa merasakan nyeri perut atau nyeri punggung di daerah limpa, yang bisa menjalar ke bahu, terutama jika sebagian limap tidak mendapatkan cukup darah dan mulai mati. (<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a>).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan Penunjang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Pemeriksaan penunjang menurut <a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembesaran limpa juga bisa terlihat pada foto roentgen perut</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kadang diperlukan CT scan untuk menentukan besarnya limpa dan melihat adanya penekanan terhadap organ di sekitarnya. MRI scan juga memberikan hasil yang sama dengan CT scan dan juga bisa mengikuti aliran darah yang melalui limpa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan penyaringan lainnya menggunakan partikel radioaktif yang ringan untuk mengukur besarnya limpa dan fungsinya serta untuk menentukan apakah terdapat penumpukan atau penghancuran sel darah dalam jumlah besar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan berkurangnya jumlah sel darah merah, sel darah putih dan trombosit. Pada pemeriksaan di bawah mikroskop, bentuk dan ukuran sel darah bisa memberikan petunjuk mengenai penyebab membesarnya limpa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan sumsum tulang dapat menemukan adanya kanker sel darah (misalnya leukemia atau limfoma) atau penumpukan bahan-bahan yang tidak diinginkan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengukuran protein darah bisa membantu menyingkirkan beberapa keadaan, seperti multiple mieloma, amiloidosis, malaria, kala azar, bruselosis, tuberculosis dan sarkoidosis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kadar asam urat (produk sisa yang ditemukan dalam darah dan air kemih) dan kadar alkalin fosfatase (suatu enzim yang ditemukan pada beberapa sel darah) dalam leukosit, juga diukur untuk menentukan apakah terdapat leukemia atau limfoma.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->h.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pemeriksaan fungsi hati membantu menentukan adanya kerusakan hati. (<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">http://www.medicastore.com</span></a>).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proses Keperawatan / <i>Nursing Care Plan </i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Proses keperawatan menurut Shela Spark, et.al (2005)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proses keperawatan I</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diagnosa keperawatan : Perlindungan tidak efektif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Selain diagnosa tersebut penulis menambahkan diagnosa perlindungan tidak efektif ybd abnormalitas sel darah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Perlindungan tidak efektif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Penurunan kemampuan untuk menjaga diri dari ancaman luar maupun dalam seperti sakit/ cidera.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batasan karakteristik :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Respon stres mal adaptif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perubahan neurosensori</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kerusakan penyembuhan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan imunitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perubahan pembekuan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dispnea</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Insomnia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gelisah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(10)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ulserasia tekan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(11)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keringat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(12)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gatal </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(13)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Imobilitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(14)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kedinginan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(15)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lelah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(16)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Disorentasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 180%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(17)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batuk</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 114.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 114.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(18)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anoreksia </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor yang berhubungan :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tes darah abnormal (leukopenia, trombositopeni, anemia, koagulasi)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nutrisi inadekuat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Umur ekstrem</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Terapi obat (anti neoplastik, kortikosteroid, imunitas, antikoagular, trombolitik)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Alkohol</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Terapi (pembedahan, radiasi)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 107.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 107.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit seperti gangguan imun dan kanker</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perencanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tujuan : Klien mampu meningkatkan status koagulasi dalam batas normal setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan pada tanggal 15 Juli 2008</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NOC Kriteria hasil</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 77.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">Indikator </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">5</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Hemoglobin</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Trombosit </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Leukosit </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Eritrosit</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"> Ket : 1. Penyimpangan sangat berat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyimpangan berat </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyimpangan sedang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tidak ada penyimpangan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Normal </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NIC (2005)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Status pembekuan darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi nilai sel darah merah terutama Hb dan trombosit </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Catat peningkatan/ perbaikan dari sel darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan pasien untuk bedres</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan kepada orang tua untu membatasi/ mengurangi aktivitas klien</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Laksanakan terapi di atas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proses keperawatan 2</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diagnosa keperawatan : Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level9 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian : intake nutrisi tidak mencukupi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan metabolik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level9 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batasan karakteristik </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Konjuctiva dan membrane mucus pucat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lemah otot untuk menelan/ mengunyah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Enggan makan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tidak mampu mengunyah makanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Suara usus hiperaktif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh kapiler rapuh</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diare</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Melaporkan perubahan sensasi rasa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kram abdominal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level9 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor yang berhubungan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify;">Tidak mampu dalam memasukkan, mencerna, mengobservasi makanan karena biologi, psikologi, atau ekonomi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level9 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perencanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tujuan : Klien mampu mencapai intake nutrisi yang adekuat setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NOC</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: 95.4pt; width: 416px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">Indikator </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">5</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Masukan nutrisi</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Masukan makan dan minum</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Energi</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Berat badan </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Ket : 1. Sangat tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"> 2. Sering tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"> 3. Kadang tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"> 4. Jarang tidak sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;"> 5. Sesuai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--> NIC</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">Manajemen nutrisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi keadaan umum</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Berikan/ sajikan makanan selagi hangat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan pada keluarga untuk memberi makanan sampingan yang tidak bertentangan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Laksanakan terapi dokter pemberian rantin dan pemberian obat oral</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kolaborasi dengan ahli gizi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Instruksikan dan Bantu memilih makanan yang tepat, hindari makanan yang mengandung lemak</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 195%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembesaran Hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Definisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Pembesaran hari (Hepatomegali) adalah membesarnya hati melebihi ukurannya yang normal. (<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.medicastore.com</span></a>)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyebab</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Penyebab yang sering ditemukan (<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.medicastore.com</span></a>) :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Alkoholisme</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hepatitis A</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hepatitis B</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gagal jantung kongestif (CHF, congestive heart failure)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Leukemia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->neuroblastoma</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sindroma Reye</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Karsinoma hepatoseluler</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit Niemann-Pick</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->10)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Intoleransi fruktosa bawaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->11)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit penimbunan glikogen</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->12)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tumor metastatik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->13)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sirosis biller primer</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->14)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sarkoidosis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->15)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kolangitis sklerotik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->16)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sindroma hemolitik-uremik </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gejala</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Hati yang membesar biasanya tidak menyebabkan gejala. Tetapi jika pembesarannya hebat, bisa menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman di perut atau perut terasa penuh. (<a href="http://www.medicastore.com/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.medicastore.com</span></a>)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Pemeriksaan lainnya yang bisa dilakukan untuk membantu menentukan penyebab membesarnya hati adalah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Rontgen perut</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->CT scan perut </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tes fungsi hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Manifestasi Klinis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> Menurut www.medicastore.com Manifestasi dari penyakit hati yang penting adalah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jaundice (sakit kuning)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kolestatis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembesaran hati</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hipertensi portal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Asites</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ensefalopati hepatikum</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kegagalan hati </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gejala Manifestasi Klinik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Menurut www.medicastore.com manifestasi klinik utama pada penyakit hati :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Sakit kuning (jaundice)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembesaran hati </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengumpulan cairan di dalam perut (asites)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perdarahan saluran pencernaan yang berasal dari varises </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hipertensi portal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kulit :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pembuluh darah memberikan gambaran seperti laba-laba</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Telapak tangan kemerahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gatal-gatal</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Darah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan jumlah sel darah merah (anemia)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan jumlah sel darah putih (leukopenia)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan jumlah trombosit (trombositopenis)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mudah mengalami perdarahan (koagulapati)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Hormon :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kadar insulin meningkat, tetapai respon terhadap insulin jelek</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gangguan siklus menstruasi dan penurunan kesuburan (pada wanita)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Impotensia dan feminisasi (pada pria)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->9)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Jantung dan pembuluh darah :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Meningkatnya denyut jantung dan jumlah darah yang dipompa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->10)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Menurut www.medicastore.com gejala umum :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelelahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan berat badan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nafsu makan yang buruk</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level5 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Mual demam</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Proses Keperawatan/ <i>Nursing care plan</i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">Proses keperawatan menurut Shela Spark, et.al (2005) </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diagnosa keperawatan Perlindungan tidak efektif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">Selain diagnosa tersebut penulis menambahkan diagnosa perlindungan tidak efektif ybd abnormalitas sel darah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Pengertian :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Penurunan kemampuan untuk menjaga diri dari ancaman luar maupun dalam seperti sakit/ cidera.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batasan karakteristik :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Respon stres mal adaptif</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perubahan neurosensori</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kerusakan penyembuhan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penurunan imunitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perubahan pembekuan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Dispnea</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Insomnia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->h)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kelemahan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->i)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gelisah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->j)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Ulserasia tekan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->k)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Keringat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->l)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Gatal </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->m)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Imobilitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->n)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kedinginan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->o)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Lelah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->p)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Disorentasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->q)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Batuk</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->r)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anoreksia </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Faktor yang berhubungan :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tes darah abnormal (leukopenia, trombositopeni, anemia, koagulasi)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nutrisi inadekuat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Umur ekstrem</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Terapi obat (anti neoplastik, kortikosteroid, imunitas, antikoagular, trombolitik)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Alkohol</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Terapi (pembedahan, radiasi)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l4 level6 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyakit seperti gangguan imun dan kanker</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perencanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tujuan : Klien mampu meningkatkan status koagulasi dalam batas normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NOC Kriteria hasil</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">Indikator </div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">5</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Hemoglobin</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Trombosit </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Leukosit </div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.0pt;" valign="top" width="200"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Eritrosit</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.1pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Ket : 1. Penyimpangan sangat berat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyimpangan berat </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Penyimpangan sedang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Tidak ada penyimpangan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.75in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Normal </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->NIC (2005)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">Status pembekuan darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Observasi nilai sel darah merah terutama Hb dan trombosit </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Catat peningkatan/ perbaikan dari sel darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan pasien untuk bedres</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Anjurkan kepada orang tua untu membatasi/ mengurangi aktivitas klien</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Laksanakan terapi di atas</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18689770/BABI.rtf.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-36463294873069826012012-02-23T08:51:00.002-08:002012-02-23T09:47:21.257-08:00Laporan Pendahuluan Asuhan Keperawatan Abses Mandibula<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42pt;"> Bab ini ber isi tentang konsep dasar asuhan keperawatan pada klien abses mand</span><span style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42pt;">i</span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42pt;">bula. Secara umum dan khusus tentang abses menurut definisi, etlologi:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Definisi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Abses adalah suatu penimbunan nanah, biasanya terjadi kibat atau infeksi bakteri. (<u><a href="http://www.%2Cmedicastore.com%2C2004/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.,medicastore.com,2004</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Abses adalah infeksi kulit dan subkutis dengan gejalaberupa kantong berisi nanah. (Siregar, 2004). Sedangkan abses mandibula adalah abses yang terjadi di mandibula. Abses dapat terbentuk di ruang submandibula atau salah satu komponennya sebagai kelanjutan infeksi dari daerah leher. (Smeltzer dan Bare, 2001)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penyebab</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Siregar (2004) suatu infeksi bakteri bisa menyebabkan abses melalui beberapa cara antara lain:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bakteri masuk kebawah kuit akibat luka yang berasal dari tusukan jarum yang tidak steril</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bakteri menyebar dari suatu infeksi dibagian tubuh yang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bakteri yang dalam keadaan normal hidup di dalam tubuh manusia dan tidak menimbulkan gangguan, kadang bisa menyebabkan terbentuknya abses.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Lebih lanjut Siregar (2004) menjelaskan peluang terbentuknya suatu abses akan meningkat jika :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Terdapat kotoran atau benda asing di daerah tempat terjadinya infeksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Darah yang terinfeksi mendapatkan aliran darah yang kurang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Terdapat gangguan sisitem kekebalan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Hardjatmo Tjokro Negoro, PHD dan Hendra Utama, (2001), abses mandibula sering disebabkan oleh infeksi didaerah rongga mulut atau gigi. Peradangan ini menyebabkan adanya pembengkakan didaerah submandibula yang pada perabaan sangat keras biasanya tidak teraba adanya fluktuasi. Sering mendorong lidah keatas dan kebelakang dapat menyebabkan trismus. Hal ini sering menyebabkan sumbatan jalan napas. Bila ada tanda-tanda sumbatan jalan napas maka jalan napas hasur segera dilakukan trakceostomi yang dilanjutkan dengan insisi digaris tengah dan eksplorasi dilakukan secara tumpul untuk mengeluarkan nanah. Bila tidak ada tanda- tanda sumbatan jalan napas dapat segera dilakukan eksplorasi tidak ditemukan nanah, kelainan ini disebutkan Angina ludoviva (Selulitis submandibula). Setelah dilakukan eksplorasi diberikan antibiotika dsis tinggi untuk kuman aerob dan anaerob.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Abses bisa terbentuk diseluruh bagian tubuh, termasuk paru-paru, mulut, rektum, dan otot. Abses yang sering ditemukan didalam kulit atau tepat dibawah kulit terutama jika timbul diwajah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Patofisiologi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Jika bakteri menusup kedalam jaringan yang sehat, maka akan terjadi infeks. Sebgian sel mati dan hancur, menigglakan rongga yang berisi jaringan dan se-sel yang terinfeksi. Sel-sel darah putih yang merupakan pertahanan tubuh dalalm melawan infeksi, bergerak kedalam rongga tersebut, dan setelah menelan bakteri.sel darah putih kakan mati, sel darah putih yang mati inilah yang memebentuk nanah yang mengisis rongga tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Akibat penimbunan nanah ini, maka jaringan disekitarnya akan terdorong jaringan pada akhirnya tumbuh di sekliling abses dan menjadi dinding pembatas. Abses hal ini merupakan mekanisme tubuh mencefah penyebaran infeksi lebih lanjut jka suat abses pecah di dalam tubuh maka infeksi bisa menyebar kedalam tubuh maupun dibawah permukaan kulit, tergantung kepada lokasi abses.(<a href="http://www.medicastre.com.2004/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.medicastre.com.2004</span></a>).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Pathway (Hardjatmo Tjokro Negoro, PHD dan Hendra Utama, 2001)</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tanda dan Gejala</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Smeltzer dan Bare (2001), gejala dari abses tergantung kepada lokasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap fungsi suatu organ saraf. Gejalanya bisa berupa :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri tekan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Teraba hangat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pembengakakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kemerahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Demam </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Suatu abses yang terbentuk tepat dibawah kulit biasanya tampak sebagi benjolan. Adapun lokasi abses antar lain ketiak, telinga, dan tungkai bawah. Jika abses akan pecah, maka daerah pusat benjolan akan lebih putih karena kulit diatasnya menipis. Suatu abses di dalam tubuh, sebelum menimbulkan gejala seringkali terlebih tumbuh lebih besar. Abses dalam lebih mungkin menyebarkan infeksi keseluruh tubuh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Adapun tanda dan gejala abses mandibula adalah nyeri leher disertai pembengkakan di bawah mandibula dan di bawah lidah, mungkin berfluktuasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 24.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksan Diagnosis </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Siregar (2004), abses dikulit atau dibawah kulit sangat mudah dikenali. Sedangkan abses dalam sering kali sulit ditemukan. Pada penderita abses, biasanya pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah sel darah putih. Untuk menetukan ukuran dan lokasi abses dalam bissxa dilkukan pemeriksaan rontgen,USG, CT, Scan, atau MRI.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">F.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengobatan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut FKUI (1990), antibiotika dosis tinggi terhadap kuman aerob dan anaerob harus diberikan secara parentral. Evaluasi abses dapat dilakukan dalam anasksi lokalal untuk abses yang dangkal dan teriokalisasi atau eksplorasi dalam narkosis bila letak abses dalam dan luas. Insisi dibuat pada tempat yang paling berfluktuasi atau setinggi 05 tiroid, tergantung letak dan luas abses. Pasien dirawat inap sampai 1-2 hari gejala dan tanda infeksi reda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Suatu abses seringkali membaik tanpa pengobatan, abses akan pecah dengna sendirinya dan mengeluarkan isinya.kadang abses menghilang secara perlahan karena tubuh menghancurkan. infeksi yang terjadi dan menyerap sisa-sisa infeksi, abses pecah dan bisa meninggalkan benjolan yang keras.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Untuk meringankan nyeri dan mempercepat penyembuhan, suatu abses bisa ditusuk dan dikeluarkan isinya. Suatu abses tidak memiliki aliran darah, sehingga pemberian antibiotik biasanya sia-sia Antibiotik biasanya diberikan setelah abses mengering dan hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah kekambuhan. Antibiotik juga diberikan jika abses menyebarkan infeksi kebagian tubuh lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">G.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Diagnosa Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut T. Heather Herdman, et.al (2007), diagnosa keperawatan yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri Akut yang berhubungan dengan egen injuri biologi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hipertermi yang berhubungan dengan proses penyakit</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kerusakan Intergritas kulit yang berhubungan dengan trauma mekanik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">H.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Rencana Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Johnson, Marion Meridean Maas dan Sue Moorhead, ed (2000) rencana keperawatan terdiri dari :</span></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Nyeri Akut yang berhubungan dengan Agen Injury Biologi</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tujuan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Level nyaman.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">No <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">I<b>ndikator</b> </span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan secara fisik sehat</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Meloporkan puas dapat mengontrol gejala</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengekspresikan puas dengan fisiknya </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengekspresikan kepuasan dengan berhubungan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Sosial </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengekspresikan kepuasan secara spiritua </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">6.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan puas dengan kemandiriannya</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">7.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan puas dengan kontrol nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">: Sangat tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">: Sering tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">: Kadang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">: Jarang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">: Sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Intervensi (Joane C, Mc.Closkey, 1996)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Manajemen Nyeri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji nyeri secara komprehensif meliputi lokasi, karakteristik durasi, frekuensi, dan faktor presipitas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi reaksi non verbal dari ketidak nyamanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bantu pasien dan keluarga untuk mencari dan menemukan dukungan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan analgesik untuk mengurangi nyeri, klabrasi dengan dokter jika ada komplai dan tindakan nyeri yang tidak berhenti</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan teknik non farmakologi, lbiotedback, leahsasi, distraksi, anagenh administrasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tentukan lokasi, karakteristik, kualitas dan derajat nyeri sebelum obat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Cek riwayat alergi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">h)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor vital sign sebelum dan sesudah pemberian analgesik pertama kali</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">i)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan analgesik tepat waktu terutama saat nyeri hebat sesuai porgram</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">j)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Evaluasi efektifitas analgesik tanda dan gejala efek samping</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">k)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Laksanakan terapi dokter untuk pemberian obat</span></div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Hipertermi yang berhubungan dengan proses penyakit (Johnson, Marion Meridean Maas dan Sue Moorhead, ed., 2000)</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tujuan : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Status termoregulasi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">No <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">I<b>ndikator</b> </span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Suhu tubuh DBN</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Perubahan warna kulit</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak ada kegelisahan kelelahan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Perubahan DBN</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 25.55pt;" valign="top" width="34"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 250.75pt;" valign="top" width="334"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak ada ditensi pernapasan </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.9pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.95pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 17.9pt;" valign="top" width="24"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">DBN : dalam batas normal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan : 1. Tidak pernah sesuai harapan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN"> 2. Jarang sesuai harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN"> 3. Kadang sesuai harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN"> 4. Sering sesuai harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN"> 5. Selalu sesuai harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Intervensi (Joane C, Mc.Closkey, 1996)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menangani panas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor temperatur tiap 8 jam </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor warna kulit dan temperatur tiap 8 jam</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor TTV tiap 8 jam</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tingkatkan pemasukan cairan melalui mulut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengaturan suhu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor suhu paling sedikit 2 hari sesuai kebutuhan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor temperatur baru sampai stabil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor gejala hipertermi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor TTV </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">kolaborasi dalam pemberian antipiretik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Atur suhu lingkungan sesuai kebtuhan pasien</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">g)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan pemasukan nutrisi dan cairan yang adekuat.]</span></div><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kerusakan Integritas kulit yang berhubungan dengan trauma mekanik (Johnson, Marion Meridean Maas dan Sue Moorhead, ed., 2000)</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tujuan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Integritas kulit dan jaringan yang normal setelah dilakukan perawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil : </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 59.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">I<b>ndikator</b></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">1. Temperatur jaringan DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">2. Sensasi DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">3. Elastisitas DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">4. hidrasi DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">5. Respiasi DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">6. warna DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">7. ketebalan DHYD</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 174.0pt;" valign="top" width="232"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">8. keutuhan kulit</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tidak Pernah sesuai Harpan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang Sesuai harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang Sesuai Harpan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering Sesuai Harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Selalu Sesuai Harapan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Intervensi (Joansone C, McCloskey, 1996)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perawatan luka </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Catat karakteristik luka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Catat karakteristik drainese</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gunakan saleb kulit atau isi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pakaikan pakaian yang longgar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gunakan prinsip steril untuk perawatan luka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan keluarga dan pasien prosedur perawatan luka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Harrison. Prinsip-prinsip <i>ilmu penyakit dalam</i>. Editor dalam bahasa Inggris : kurt J. Lessebacher. Et. Al : editor bahasa Indnesia Ahmad H. Asdie. Edisi 13. jakarta : EGC. 1999.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">NANDA, 2005</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">NIC, 2005</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 48.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -48.0pt;"><span lang="IN">NOC2005</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Siregar, R,S. <i>Atlas Berwarna Saripati Kulit</i>. Editor Huriawati Hartanta. Edisi 2. Jakarta:EGC,2004.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Suzanne, C, Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare. <i>Buku Ajar Keperawatan Medikal-Bedah</i> Bruner and Suddarth. Ali Bahasa Agung Waluyo. ( et,al) Editor bahasa Indonesia :Monica Ester. Edisi 8 jakarta : EGC,2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">www.medicastore.Com.2004</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://infoaskepgratis.blogspot.com/2012/02/pathway-woc-abses-mandibula.html" target="_blank">Download Pathway Disini</a></b></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-84056181529282956872012-02-23T08:46:00.000-08:002012-02-23T08:46:30.429-08:00Pathway / WOC Abses Mandibula<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsNZ_LdxBmE1qdWCC0nSdkSw1L9sDWUw3z8-zudzWIXNh2LAG4vOMozPJwQ2Xk1wrs_0Ow4z70PoD5KYq60cijK6GWvpDc-EQT2hEHaxytyB4Lg2P12wN7HmqjnC2YbYtdZ4cNhEPzIDhz/s1600/path1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsNZ_LdxBmE1qdWCC0nSdkSw1L9sDWUw3z8-zudzWIXNh2LAG4vOMozPJwQ2Xk1wrs_0Ow4z70PoD5KYq60cijK6GWvpDc-EQT2hEHaxytyB4Lg2P12wN7HmqjnC2YbYtdZ4cNhEPzIDhz/s320/path1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-86959144289247733212012-02-22T07:27:00.000-08:002012-02-22T07:27:33.508-08:00Diet bagi Penderita Gangguan Asam Urat<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Bila kita perhatikan sejarah orang dahulu tidak pernah memiliki penyakit yang aneh-aneh seperti sekarang. itu karena gaya hidup yang seimbang yang diantaranya adalah makanan sehari-hari. Dengan makanan yang seimbang maka keberadaan penyakit juga ditekan.</span></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Pada jaman sekarang ini begitu banyak makanan instan yang dijual dipasar, kita yang tidak tahu hanya bisa makan tanpa melihan bahan dan bagaimana akibatnya jika kita makan makanan instan tersebut. namun tanpa menghiraukan demikian kebutuhan telah mendesak kita untuk memakan makanan instan. </span></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Asam urat contohnya. entah kapan tepatnya asam urat ini ditemukan, namun kebanyakan asamurat juga dipengaruhi oleh diet yang kurang tepat. berikut saya jelaskan diet bagi penderita asam urat.</span></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></strong></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></strong></div><a name='more'></a><strong>Diet bagi Penderita Gangguan Asam Urat</strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Penderita asam urat tinggi, memang harus hati-hati terhadap makanan. Diet yang dilakukan, harus memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut :</span></div><div align="justify"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Pembatasan purin</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Apabila telah terjadi pembengkakan sendi maka penderita gangguan asam urat harus melakukan diet bebas purin. Namun karena hampir semua bahan makanan sumber protein mengandung nukleoprotein maka hal ini hampir tidak mungkin dilakukan. Maka yang harus dilakukan adalah membatasi asupan purin menjadi 100-150 mg purin per hari (diet normal biasanya mengandung 600-1.000 mg purin per hari).<br />
</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Kalori sesuai kebutuhan</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Jumlah asupan kalori harus benar disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan tubuh berdasarkan pada tinggi dan berat badan. Penderita gangguan asam urat yang kelebihan berat badan, berat badannya harus diturunkannn dengan tetap memperhatikan jumlah konsumsi kalori. Asupan kalori yang terlalu sedikit juga bisa meningkatkan kadar asam urat karena adanya keton bodies yang akan mengurangi pengeluaran asam urat melalui urin.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tinggi karbohidrat</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Karbohidrat kompleks seperti nasi, singkong, roti dan ubi sangat baik dikonsumsi oleh penderita gangguan asam urat karena akan meningkatkan pengeluaran asam urat melalui urin. Konsumsi karbohidrat kompleks ini sebaiknya tidak kurang dari 100 gram per hari. Karbohidrat sederhana jenis fruktosa seperti gula, permen, arum manis, gulali, dan sirop sebaiknya dihindari karena fruktosa akan meningkatkan<br />
kadar asam urat dalam darah.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rendah protein</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Protein terutama yang berasal dari hewan dapat meningkatkan kadar asam urat dalam darah. Sumber makanan yang mengandung protein hewani dalam jumlah yang tinggi, misalnya hati, ginjal, otak, paru dan limpa. Asupan protein yang dianjurkan bagi penderita gangguan asam urat adalah sebesar 50-70 gram/hari atau 0,8-1 gram/kg berat badan/hari. Sumber protein yang disarankan adalah protein nabati yang berasal dari susu, keju dan telur.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Rendah lemak</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Lemak dapat menghambat ekskresi asam urat melalui urin. Makanan yang digoreng, bersantan, serta margarine dan mentega sebaiknya dihindari. Konsumsi lemak sebaiknya sebanyak 15 persen dari total kalori.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tinggi cairan</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Konsumsi cairan yang tinggi dapat membantu membuang asam urat melalui urin. Karena itu, Anda disarankan untuk menghabiskan minum minimal sebanyak 2,5 liter atau 10 gelas sehari. Air minum ini bisa berupa air putih masak, teh, atau kopi. Selain dari minuman, cairan bisa diperoleh melalui buah-buahan segar yang mengandung banyak air. Buah-buahan yang disarankan adalah semangka, melon, blewah, nanas, belimbing manis, dan jambu air. Selain buah-buahan tersebut, buah-buahan yang lain juga boleh dikonsumsi karena buah-buahan sangat sedikit mengandung purin. Buah-buahan yang sebaiknya dihindari adalah alpukat dan durian, karena keduanya mempunyai kandungan lemak yang tinggi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tanpa alkohol</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa kadar asam urat mereka yang mengonsumsi alkohol lebih tinggi dibandingkan mereka yang tidak mengonsumsi alkohol. Hal ini adalah karena alkohol akan meningkatkan asam laktat plasma. Asam laktat ini akan menghambat pengeluaran asam urat dari tubuh.</span><br />
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</ul></div><div align="justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Penggunaan herbal seperti tanaman seledri dan sidaguri juga bisa menurunkan kadar asam urat. Mekanisme yang dilakukan ialah dengan cara melancarkan aliran di pembuluh darah serta meningkatkan pembuangan asam urat melalui air seni. </span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-63250219141834418082012-02-21T01:12:00.000-08:002012-02-21T01:12:09.431-08:00Pathway / WOC IMA / Gastritis<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisYhBogZDaau-dfbGrNEBLf8bGi2KWfWX8Ax7_NQq9eBQxzzFqDZFyobLQrwaEm1RpQdG9x-ieytjuPs1tgM-K3bHKO9PHJjsRRNBqWKy7nIwNPviBG5DPBk1CvOpFjFidbXwTe4I7yGTj/s1600/path1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisYhBogZDaau-dfbGrNEBLf8bGi2KWfWX8Ax7_NQq9eBQxzzFqDZFyobLQrwaEm1RpQdG9x-ieytjuPs1tgM-K3bHKO9PHJjsRRNBqWKy7nIwNPviBG5DPBk1CvOpFjFidbXwTe4I7yGTj/s320/path1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-81465927212625203152012-02-19T08:17:00.000-08:002012-02-20T13:32:45.030-08:00Laporan Pendahuluan Asuhan Keperawatan Gastritis Akut<script src="http://scr.kliksaya.com/js-ad.php?zid=96596" type="text/javascript">
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">BAB I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">KONSEP DASAR</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengertian </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Dr. H. Slamet Suyono (2001), gastritis adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis adalah segala radang mukosa lambung </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis adalah inflamasi pada lambung mukosa dan sub mukosa lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penyebab </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut <a href="http://www.indofarma.co.id/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.indofarma.co.id</span></a> penyebab yang dapat mengakibatkan gastritis antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Infeksi bakteri. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Sebagian besar populasi di dunia terinfeksi oleh bakteri H. Pylori yang hidup di bagian dalam lapisan mukosa yang melapisi dinding lambung. Walaupun tidak sepenuhnya dimengerti bagaimana bakteri tersebut dapat ditularkan, namun diperkirakan penularan tersebut terjadi melalui jalur oral atau akibat memakan makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteri ini. Infeksi H. pylori ini sekarang diketahui sebagai penyebab utama terjadinya peptic ulcer dan penyebab tersering terjadinya gastritis. Infeksi dalam jangka waktu yang lama akan menyebabkan peradangan menyebar yang kemudian mengakibatkan perubahan pada lapisan perlindungan dinding lambung. Salah satu perubahan itu adalah atrophic gastritis, sebuah keadaan dimana kelenjar-kelenjar penghasil asam lambung secara perlahan rusak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemakaian obat penghilang nyeri secara terus menerus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Obat analgesic anti inflamasi nonsteroid (AINS) seperti aspirin, ibuprofen dan naproxen dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada lambung dengan cara mengurangi prostaglandin yang bertugas melindungi dinding lambung. Jika pemakaian obat-obat tersebut hanya sesekali maka kemungkinan terjadinya masalah lambung akan kecil. Tapi jika pemakaiannya dilakukan secara terus menerus atau pemakaian yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan gastritis dan peptic ulcer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penggunaan alkohol secara berlebihan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Alkohol dapat mengiritasi dan mengikis mukosa pada dinding lambung dan membuat dinding lambung lebih rentan terhadap asam lambung walaupun pada kondisi normal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penggunaan kokain. Kokain dapat merusak lambung dan menyebabkan perdarahan dan gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Stres fisik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Stres fisik akibat pembedahan besar, luka trauma, luka bakar atau infeksi berat dapat menyebabkan gastritis dan juga borok serta perdarahan pada lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kelainan autoimmune</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Autoimmune atrophic gastritis terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang sel-sel sehat yang berada dalam dinding lambung. Hal ini mengakibatkan peradangan dan secara bertahap menipiskan dinding lambung, menghancurkan kelenjar-kelenjar penghasil asam lambung dan mengganggu produksi faktor intrinsic (yaitu sebuah zat yang membantu tubuh mengabsorpsi vitamin B12). Kekurangan B<sub>12</sub> akhirnya dapat mengakibatkan pernicious anemia, sebuah konsisi serius yang tidak dirawat dapat mempengaruhi seluruh sistem dalam tubuh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Crohn’s disease. Walaupun penyakit ini biasanya menyebabkan peradangan kronis pada dinding saluran cerna, namun kadang-kadang dapat juga menyebabkan peradangan pada dinding lambung. Ketika lambung terkena penyakit ini, gejala-gejala dari Crohn’s disease (yaitu sakit perut dan diare dalam bentuk cairan) tampak lebih menyolok daripada gejala gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Radiasi dan kemoterapi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Perawatan terhadap kanker seperti kemoterapi dan radiasi dapat mengakibatkan peradangan pada dinding lambung yang selanjutnya dapat berkembang menjadi gastritis dan peptic ulcer. Ketika tubuh terkena sejumlah kecil radiasi, kerusakan tersebut menjadi permanen dan dapat mengikis dinding lambung serta merusak kelenjar penghasil asam lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penyakit bile refluk.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Bile (empedu) adalah cairan yang membantu mencerna lemak-lemak dalam tubuh. Cairan ini diproduksi oleh hati. Ketika dilepaskan, empedu akan melewati serangkaian saluran kecil dan menuju ke usus kecil. Dalam kondisi normal, sebuah otot sphincter yang berbentuk seperti cincin (pyloric valve) akan mencegah empedu mengalir balik ke dalam lambung. Tapi jika katup ini tidak bekerja dengan benar, maka empedu akan masuk ke dalam lambung dan mengakibatkan peradangan dan gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis ada 2 macam :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tukak beban atau tukak seres merupakan suatu reaksi selintas pada permukaan mukosa lambung oleh akibat iritasi. Pada gastritis ini biasanya ada tukak multiple yang kecil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut tedapat 2 bentuk reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut tanpa pendarahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis dengan pendarahan (gastritis hemoragik atau gastritis erosive</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik autoimun terjadi karena terbentuknya atibodi terhadap sel pariental</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik autoimun dan aklorhidra dapat berubah menjadi karsinoma lambung</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Faktor resiko dari gastritis adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Obat-obatan : aspirin, obat anti inflamasi non steroid (AINS)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Alkohol , Kafein </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan mikrosirkulasi lambung: trauma, luka baker, sepsis. Secara mikroskopik terdapat lesi erosi mukosa dengan lokasi berbeda. Apabila lesi erosi mukosa terdapat pada korpus dan fundus maka biasanya disebabkan oleh stress. Apabila karena obat-obatan AINS terutama ditemukan didaerah antrum namun dapat juga menyeluruh sedangkan secara mikroskopik terdapat erosi dengan regenerasi epitel dan ditemukan reaksi sel inflamasi neutrofil yang minimal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Mikroorganisme : Helicobaeter pykory ( H. philory ), salmonella</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Manifestasi Klinis </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluhan utama dari gastritis (Sujono Hadi, 2002)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Akut </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keluhan yang sering diajukan pasien adalah : rasa pedih, kadang – timbul rasa berdenyut-denyut perut atas yang ada hubungan dengan makanan. Keluhan ini timbul mendadak setekah makan atau minum-minuman yang iritatif atau korosif </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keluhan yang sering diajukan oleh penderita pada umumnya bersifat ringan dan dirasakan sudah berbulan-bulan bahkan sudah bertahun-tahun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Pada umumnya mengeluh rasa tidak enak diperut atas,lekas kenyang, mual, rasa pedih sebelum atau sesudah makan dan kadang mulut terasa masam.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurut Diane C. Baughman dan Joann C. Heckly, 2000 manifestasi klinis pada :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dapat terjadi ulserasi superfisal dan mengarah pada hemoragi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Rasa tidak nyaman pada abdomen dengan sakit kepala kelesuan, mual, anoreksia mungkin terjadi mual dan muntah serta cegukan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Beberapa pasien menunjukkan asimtomatik </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dapat terjadi lokil dan diare apabika tidak dimuntahkan tetapi malah mencapai usus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pasien biasanya mulai pulih kembali sekitar sehari meskipun nafsu makan mungkin akan hilang selama 2-3 hari</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Kronis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis tipe A pada dasarnya asimtomatik kecuali untuk gejala–gejala defisiensi vitamin B 12</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis tipe B pasien mengeluh anoreksia nyeri ulu hati setelah makan berdahak , rasa asam dalam mulut atau mual dan muntah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Patofisologi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut <a href="http://www.indofarma.co.id/"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.indofarma.co.id</span></a> gastritis dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis superfisial akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Merupakan respon mukosa lambung terhadap berbagai iritan lokal. Endotoksin bakteri (masuk setelah menelan makanan terkontaminasi), kafein, alkohol dan aspirin merupakan agen-agen penyebab yang sering. Membran mukosa lambung menjadi edema dan hiperemik (kongesti dengan jaringan, cairan dan darah) dan mengalami erosi superficial, bagian ini mensekresi sejumlah getah lambung, yang mengandug sangat sedikit asam tetapi banyak mucus. Ulserasi superficial dapat terjadi dan dapat menimbulkan hemoragi. Mukosa lambung dapat memperbaiki diri sendiri setelah mengalami gastritis. Kadang-kadang hemoragi memerlukan intervensi bedah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis atrofik kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik diklasifikasikan menjadi tipe A dan tipe B. Tipe A (sering disebut gastritis autoimun) ditandai oleh atrofi progresif epitel kelenjar disertai kehilang sel parietal dan sel chief. Akibatnya, produksi asam klorida, pepsi dan faktor intrinsik menurun. Dinding lambung menjadi tipis dan mukosa mempunyai permukaan yang rata. Minum alkohol berlebihan, teh manis dan merokok merupakan predisposisi timbulnya gastritis akut. Tipe B (kadang disebut sebagai gastritis H. Pylori) mempengaruhi antrum dan pylorus (ujung lambung dekat duodenum). Ini dihubungkan dengan bakteri H. Pylori; faktor diet seperti minuman panas atau peda; penggunaan obat-obatan dan alkohol; merokok atau refluks isi lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pathway </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: red;">Download Dibawah (Infoaskepgratis.blogspot.com)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">F.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan Diagnostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2000) pemeriksaan pada penyakit gastritis terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan penunjang gastritis akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastroskopi : mukosa lambung erosi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nasogastrik aspiration : stolsel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Barium kontras : erosi superfisial</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan penunjang gastritis kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastrin serum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Schilling test</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Barium swallow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">G.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penatalaksanaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Suzanne C. Smeltzer dan Brenda G. Bare (2002) penatalaksanaan gastristis terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN">Diatasi dengan menginstruksikan untuk menghindari minuman alcohol dan makanan sampai gejala berkurang. Bila pasien mampu makan melalui mulut, diet mengandung gizi dianjurkan. Bila gejala menelan cairan perlu diberikan secara parenteral. Bila gastritis diakibatkan oleh mencerna makanan yang sangat asam atau alkalis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengobatan gastritis akut terdiri dari pengenceran dan penetralisasi agen penyebab</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Untuk menetralkan asam, digunakan antasida asam (missal alumunium hidroksida), untuk menetralisasi alkali dengan makan jus lemon encer atau cuka encer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bila korosi luas atau berat, emotik dan loyase dihindari karena bahaya perforasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Terapi pendukung mencakup intubasi sederhana, antasida serta cairan intravena. Endoskopi fiberoptik mungkin diperlukan pembedahan darurat mungkin diperlukan untuk mengangkat gangren atau jaringan perforasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastrojejenostomi/ reseksi lambung mungkin diperlukan untuk mengatasi obstruksi pylorus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2. Gastritis kronis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Diatasi dengan memodifikasi diet pasien, meningkatkan istirahat, mengurangi stress dan melalui farmakoterapi II. Pylori dapat diatasi dengan antibiotik (seperti tetra siklin atau amoksisilin) dan garam bismus (pepto-bismol).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Pasien gastritis A biasanya mengalami malabsorbsi vitamin B12 yang disebabkan oleh adanya antibodi terhadap faktor intrinsik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">H.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Proses keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Slamet Suyono (2001), pengkajian penyakit gastritis adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tanyakan pasien tentang tanda-tanda dan gejala-gejala yang ditunjukkan nyeri ulu hati, indigesti, mual, muntah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bagaimana gejala menghilang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Apakah sudah muntah darah atau telah menelan sesuatu elemen penyebab</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Lakukan pengkajian fisik, perhatikan adanya nyeri tekan abdomen, dehidrasi dan bukti-bukti kelainan sistemik yang mungkin bertanggung jawab terhadap gejala-gejala.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Diagnosa Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri akut yang berhubungan dengan agen injuri biologi (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : klien mampu mengontrol nyeri pada tanggal… (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal faktor pencetus nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal omset/ lamanya nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melakukan langkah pencegahan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan pencegahan non invasif</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan analgetik yang sesuai</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">6.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan bila ada tanda awal nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">7.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan tanda-tanda nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">8.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan sumber-sumber yang ada</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">9.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal tanda-tanda nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">10.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melakukan pencatatan harian tentang nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">11.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan tindakan kontrol nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tidak pernah bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang-kadang bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Selalu dapat melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi respon nonverbal nyeri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor vital sign sebelum dan sesudah pemberian analgetik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan analgetik yang sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan pada pasien teknik mengurangi nyeri non invasive missal distraksi dll</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan dokter untuk pemberian analgetik yang sesuai </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya intake makanan (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Klien dapat menunjukkan status nutrisi yang adekuat pada tanggal… (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi per oral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi per sonde</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake cairan per oral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake cairan parenteral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi parenteral total (TPN0</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sangat tiak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sesuai </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi KU</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi pola makan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan hidangan makanan yang menarik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hidangkan makanan dalam keadaan hangat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan ahli gizi untuk pemberian diit yang sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Intoleransi aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan ketidakseimbangan O<sub>2</sub> yang diperlukan dengan persediaan yang ada. (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Klien mampu memanfaatkan persediaan energi cukup untuk melakukan aktivitas yang diinginkan. (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Penampilan seperti biasa</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Aktivitas</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Istirahat</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Konsentrasi</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kemampuan mengenal lingkungan sekitar</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">6.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kekuatan otot</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">7.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Pola makan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">8.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Libido</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">9.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Energi kembali setelah istirahat</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">10.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak ada kelelahan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">11.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak nampak lethargi</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">12.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Level oksigen darah normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">13.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Hb normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">14.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Hematokrit normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">15.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gula darah normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">16.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Serum elektrolit normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sangat tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor asupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan untuk sumber energi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor adanya kelelahan fisik dan emosi yang berlebihan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bantu klien dan keluarga memahami prinsip penghematan energi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan klien dan keluarga cara mengenali dan mengatasi tanda-tanda kapan aktivitas harus dikurangi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan keluarga untuk membantu aktivitas klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Baughman dan Haskley. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2000.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Ester, Monica. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Hirlan. <i>Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi Ketiga</i>. Jakarta : FKUI. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Sineltzer dan Bare G. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">BAB I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">KONSEP DASAR</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengertian </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis adalah segala radang mukosa lambung .(Sjamsuhidajat, 1997).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis adalah inflamasi pada lambung mukosa dan sub mukosa lambung. (Slamet Suyono, 2001)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penyebab </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Andri S (2007) penyebab yang dapat mengakibatkan gastritis antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Infeksi bakteri. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Sebagian besar populasi di dunia terinfeksi oleh bakteri H. Pylori yang hidup di bagian dalam lapisan mukosa yang melapisi dinding lambung. Walaupun tidak sepenuhnya dimengerti bagaimana bakteri tersebut dapat ditularkan, namun diperkirakan penularan tersebut terjadi melalui jalur oral atau akibat memakan makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteri ini. Infeksi H. pylori ini sekarang diketahui sebagai penyebab utama terjadinya peptic ulcer dan penyebab tersering terjadinya gastritis. Infeksi dalam jangka waktu yang lama akan menyebabkan peradangan menyebar yang kemudian mengakibatkan perubahan pada lapisan perlindungan dinding lambung. Salah satu perubahan itu adalah atrophic gastritis, sebuah keadaan dimana kelenjar-kelenjar penghasil asam lambung secara perlahan rusak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemakaian obat penghilang nyeri secara terus menerus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Obat analgesic anti inflamasi nonsteroid (AINS) seperti aspirin, ibuprofen dan naproxen dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada lambung dengan cara mengurangi prostaglandin yang bertugas melindungi dinding lambung. Jika pemakaian obat-obat tersebut hanya sesekali maka kemungkinan terjadinya masalah lambung akan kecil. Tapi jika pemakaiannya dilakukan secara terus menerus atau pemakaian yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan gastritis dan peptic ulcer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penggunaan alkohol secara berlebihan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Alkohol dapat mengiritasi dan mengikis mukosa pada dinding lambung dan membuat dinding lambung lebih rentan terhadap asam lambung walaupun pada kondisi normal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penggunaan kokain. Kokain dapat merusak lambung dan menyebabkan perdarahan dan gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Stres fisik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Stres fisik akibat pembedahan besar, luka trauma, luka bakar atau infeksi berat dapat menyebabkan gastritis dan juga borok serta perdarahan pada lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kelainan autoimmune</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Autoimmune atrophic gastritis terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang sel-sel sehat yang berada dalam dinding lambung. Hal ini mengakibatkan peradangan dan secara bertahap menipiskan dinding lambung, menghancurkan kelenjar-kelenjar penghasil asam lambung dan mengganggu produksi faktor intrinsic (yaitu sebuah zat yang membantu tubuh mengabsorpsi vitamin B12). Kekurangan B<sub>12</sub> akhirnya dapat mengakibatkan pernicious anemia, sebuah konsisi serius yang tidak dirawat dapat mempengaruhi seluruh sistem dalam tubuh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Crohn’s disease. Walaupun penyakit ini biasanya menyebabkan peradangan kronis pada dinding saluran cerna, namun kadang-kadang dapat juga menyebabkan peradangan pada dinding lambung. Ketika lambung terkena penyakit ini, gejala-gejala dari Crohn’s disease (yaitu sakit perut dan diare dalam bentuk cairan) tampak lebih menyolok daripada gejala gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Radiasi dan kemoterapi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Perawatan terhadap kanker seperti kemoterapi dan radiasi dapat mengakibatkan peradangan pada dinding lambung yang selanjutnya dapat berkembang menjadi gastritis dan peptic ulcer. Ketika tubuh terkena sejumlah kecil radiasi, kerusakan tersebut menjadi permanen dan dapat mengikis dinding lambung serta merusak kelenjar penghasil asam lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penyakit bile refluk.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Bile (empedu) adalah cairan yang membantu mencerna lemak-lemak dalam tubuh. Cairan ini diproduksi oleh hati. Ketika dilepaskan, empedu akan melewati serangkaian saluran kecil dan menuju ke usus kecil. Dalam kondisi normal, sebuah otot sphincter yang berbentuk seperti cincin (pyloric valve) akan mencegah empedu mengalir balik ke dalam lambung. Tapi jika katup ini tidak bekerja dengan benar, maka empedu akan masuk ke dalam lambung dan mengakibatkan peradangan dan gastritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis ada 2 macam :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tukak beban atau tukak seres merupakan suatu reaksi selintas pada permukaan mukosa lambung oleh akibat iritasi. Pada gastritis ini biasanya ada tukak multiple yang kecil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut tedapat 2 bentuk reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut tanpa pendarahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis dengan pendarahan (gastritis hemoragik atau gastritis erosive</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik autoimun terjadi karena terbentuknya atibodi terhadap sel pariental</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik autoimun dan aklorhidra dapat berubah menjadi karsinoma lambung</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Faktor resiko dari gastritis adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Obat-obatan : aspirin, obat anti inflamasi non steroid (AINS)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Alkohol , Kafein </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan mikrosirkulasi lambung: trauma, luka baker, sepsis. Secara mikroskopik terdapat lesi erosi mukosa dengan lokasi berbeda. Apabila lesi erosi mukosa terdapat pada korpus dan fundus maka biasanya disebabkan oleh stress. Apabila karena obat-obatan AINS terutama ditemukan didaerah antrum namun dapat juga menyeluruh sedangkan secara mikroskopik terdapat erosi dengan regenerasi epitel dan ditemukan reaksi sel inflamasi neutrofil yang minimal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Mikroorganisme : Helicobaeter pykory ( H. philory ), salmonella</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Manifestasi Klinis </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluhan utama dari gastritis (Sujono Hadi, 2002)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Akut </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keluhan yang sering diajukan pasien adalah : rasa pedih, kadang – timbul rasa berdenyut-denyut perut atas yang ada hubungan dengan makanan. Keluhan ini timbul mendadak setekah makan atau minum-minuman yang iritatif atau korosif </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 42.0pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keluhan yang sering diajukan oleh penderita pada umumnya bersifat ringan dan dirasakan sudah berbulan-bulan bahkan sudah bertahun-tahun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Pada umumnya mengeluh rasa tidak enak diperut atas,lekas kenyang, mual, rasa pedih sebelum atau sesudah makan dan kadang mulut terasa masam.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurut Diane C. Baughman dan Joann C. Heckly, 2000 manifestasi klinis pada :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dapat terjadi ulserasi superfisal dan mengarah pada hemoragi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Rasa tidak nyaman pada abdomen dengan sakit kepala kelesuan, mual, anoreksia mungkin terjadi mual dan muntah serta cegukan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Beberapa pasien menunjukkan asimtomatik </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dapat terjadi lokil dan diare apabika tidak dimuntahkan tetapi malah mencapai usus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pasien biasanya mulai pulih kembali sekitar sehari meskipun nafsu makan mungkin akan hilang selama 2-3 hari</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis Kronis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis tipe A pada dasarnya asimtomatik kecuali untuk gejala–gejala defisiensi vitamin B 12</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis tipe B pasien mengeluh anoreksia nyeri ulu hati setelah makan berdahak , rasa asam dalam mulut atau mual dan muntah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Patofisologi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut <a href="http://www.indofarma.co.id/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"> Andri S (2007), </span></a>gastritis dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis superfisial akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Merupakan respon mukosa lambung terhadap berbagai iritan lokal. Endotoksin bakteri (masuk setelah menelan makanan terkontaminasi), kafein, alkohol dan aspirin merupakan agen-agen penyebab yang sering. Membran mukosa lambung menjadi edema dan hiperemik (kongesti dengan jaringan, cairan dan darah) dan mengalami erosi superficial, bagian ini mensekresi sejumlah getah lambung, yang mengandug sangat sedikit asam tetapi banyak mucus. Ulserasi superficial dapat terjadi dan dapat menimbulkan hemoragi. Mukosa lambung dapat memperbaiki diri sendiri setelah mengalami gastritis. Kadang-kadang hemoragi memerlukan intervensi bedah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis atrofik kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Gastritis kronik diklasifikasikan menjadi tipe A dan tipe B. Tipe A (sering disebut gastritis autoimun) ditandai oleh atrofi progresif epitel kelenjar disertai kehilang sel parietal dan sel chief. Akibatnya, produksi asam klorida, pepsi dan faktor intrinsik menurun. Dinding lambung menjadi tipis dan mukosa mempunyai permukaan yang rata. Minum alkohol berlebihan, teh manis dan merokok merupakan predisposisi timbulnya gastritis akut. Tipe B (kadang disebut sebagai gastritis H. Pylori) mempengaruhi antrum dan pylorus (ujung lambung dekat duodenum). Ini dihubungkan dengan bakteri H. Pylori; faktor diet seperti minuman panas atau peda; penggunaan obat-obatan dan alkohol; merokok atau refluks isi lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">E.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan Diagnostik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Brunner dan Suddart (2000) pemeriksaan pada penyakit gastritis terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan penunjang gastritis akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastroskopi : mukosa lambung erosi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nasogastrik aspiration : stolsel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Barium kontras : erosi superfisial</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemeriksaan penunjang gastritis kronik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastrin serum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Schilling test</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Barium swallow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">F.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penatalaksanaan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Suzanne C. Smeltzer dan Brenda G. Bare (2002) penatalaksanaan gastristis terdiri dari :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gastritis akut</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN">Diatasi dengan menginstruksikan untuk menghindari minuman alcohol dan makanan sampai gejala berkurang. Bila pasien mampu makan melalui mulut, diet mengandung gizi dianjurkan. Bila gejala menelan cairan perlu diberikan secara parenteral. Bila gastritis diakibatkan oleh mencerna makanan yang sangat asam atau alkalis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengobatan gastritis akut terdiri dari pengenceran dan penetralisasi agen penyebab</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Untuk menetralkan asam, digunakan antasida asam (missal alumunium hidroksida), untuk menetralisasi alkali dengan makan jus lemon encer atau cuka encer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bila korosi luas atau berat, emotik dan loyase dihindari karena bahaya perforasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Terapi pendukung mencakup intubasi sederhana, antasida serta cairan intravena. Endoskopi fiberoptik mungkin diperlukan pembedahan darurat mungkin diperlukan untuk mengangkat gangren atau jaringan perforasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gastrojejenostomi/ reseksi lambung mungkin diperlukan untuk mengatasi obstruksi pylorus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2. Gastritis kronis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Diatasi dengan memodifikasi diet pasien, meningkatkan istirahat, mengurangi stress dan melalui farmakoterapi II. Pylori dapat diatasi dengan antibiotik (seperti tetra siklin atau amoksisilin) dan garam bismus (pepto-bismol).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Pasien gastritis A biasanya mengalami malabsorbsi vitamin B12 yang disebabkan oleh adanya antibodi terhadap faktor intrinsik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">G.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Proses keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Slamet Suyono (2001), pengkajian penyakit gastritis adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tanyakan pasien tentang tanda-tanda dan gejala-gejala yang ditunjukkan nyeri ulu hati, indigesti, mual, muntah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bagaimana gejala menghilang</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Apakah sudah muntah darah atau telah menelan sesuatu elemen penyebab</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Lakukan pengkajian fisik, perhatikan adanya nyeri tekan abdomen, dehidrasi dan bukti-bukti kelainan sistemik yang mungkin bertanggung jawab terhadap gejala-gejala.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">H.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Diagnosa Keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri akut yang berhubungan dengan agen injuri biologi (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : klien mampu mengontrol nyeri pada tanggal… (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal faktor pencetus nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal omset/ lamanya nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melakukan langkah pencegahan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan pencegahan non invasif</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan analgetik yang sesuai</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">6.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan bila ada tanda awal nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">7.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan tanda-tanda nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">8.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menggunakan sumber-sumber yang ada</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">9.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Mengenal tanda-tanda nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">10.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melakukan pencatatan harian tentang nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">11.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Melaporkan tindakan kontrol nyeri</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tidak pernah bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang-kadang bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering bisa melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Selalu dapat melakukan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Manajemen nyeri :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi respon nonverbal nyeri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor vital sign sebelum dan sesudah pemberian analgetik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan analgetik yang sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan pada pasien teknik mengurangi nyeri non invasive missal distraksi dll</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan dokter untuk pemberian analgetik yang sesuai </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya intake makanan (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Klien dapat menunjukkan status nutrisi yang adekuat pada tanggal… (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi per oral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi per sonde</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake cairan per oral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake cairan parenteral</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intake nutrisi parenteral total (TPN0</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sangat tiak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sesuai </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Manajemen nutrisi </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi KU</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi pola makan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan hidangan makanan yang menarik</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hidangkan makanan dalam keadaan hangat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan makan sedikit tapi sering</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan ahli gizi untuk pemberian diit yang sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Intoleransi aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan ketidakseimbangan O<sub>2</sub> yang diperlukan dengan persediaan yang ada. (Sheila Spark Ralp, 2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Klien mampu memanfaatkan persediaan energi cukup untuk melakukan aktivitas yang diinginkan. (Marion John, et.al,ed, 2005)</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">No<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Indikator <o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">1.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Penampilan seperti biasa</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">2.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Aktivitas</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">3.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Istirahat</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">4.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Konsentrasi</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">5.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kemampuan mengenal lingkungan sekitar</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">6.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kekuatan otot</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">7.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Pola makan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">8.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Libido</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">9.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Energi kembali setelah istirahat</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">10.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak ada kelelahan</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">11.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tidak nampak lethargi</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">12.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Level oksigen darah normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">13.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Hb normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">14.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Hematokrit normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">15.</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Gula darah normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.0pt;" valign="top" width="40"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN">16.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Serum elektrolit normal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.0pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 24.3pt;" valign="top" width="32"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Keterangan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sangat tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sering tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kadang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jarang tidak sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sesuai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : (Joane C. Closkey, et.al,ed (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Manajemen energi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor asupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan untuk sumber energi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Monitor adanya kelelahan fisik dan emosi yang berlebihan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bantu klien dan keluarga memahami prinsip penghematan energi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan klien dan keluarga cara mengenali dan mengatasi tanda-tanda kapan aktivitas harus dikurangi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan keluarga untuk membantu aktivitas klien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Baughman dan Haskley. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2000.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Ester, Monica. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Hirlan. <i>Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi Ketiga</i>. Jakarta : FKUI. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.0pt;"><span lang="IN">Sineltzer dan Bare G. <i>Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>. Jakarta : EGC. 2001.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18647822/LPGASTRITISanyarrtf.rtf.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-77862613363759049112012-02-16T07:15:00.000-08:002012-02-16T07:15:33.751-08:00LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN APPENDICSITIS / APENDIKSITIS<span lang="SV"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV">A. Konsep Dasar</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;">1. Pengertian</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"> Appendiks adalah ujung seperti jari-jari yang kecil panjangnya kira-kira 10 cm (4 inchi), melekat pada sekum tepat di bawah katup ileosekal (Smeltzer, Suzanne, C., 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"> Appendisitis adalah peradangan dari appendiks vermiformis, dan merupakan penyebab abdomen akut yang paling sering. Penyakit ini dapat mengenai semua umur baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, tetapi lebih sering menyerang laki-laki berusia antara 10 sampai 30 tahun (Mansjoer, 2000).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"> Apendektomi adalah pembedahan untuk mengangkat apendiks dilakukan sesegera mungkin untuk menurunkan resiko perforasi. (Smeltzer Suzanne, C., 2001). <br />
<a name='more'></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;">2. Patofisiologi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"> Appendiks terinflamasi dan mengalami edema sebagai akibat tersumbat, kemungkinan oleh fekalit (massa keras dari feses), tumor atau benda asing. Proses inflamasi meningkatkan tekanan intraluminal yang akan menghambat aliran limfe yang mengakibatkan edema, diapedesis bakteri dan ulserasi mukosa menimbulkan nyeri abdomen atas atau menyebar hebat secara progresif, dalam beberapa jam, terlokalisasi dikuadran kanan bawah dari abdomen. Akhirnya appendiks yang terinflamasi berisi pus. (Smeltzer, Suzanne, C., 2001).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"> Bila sekresi mukus berlanjut, tekanan akan terus meningkat menyebabkan peradanganyang timbul meluas dan mengenai peritoneum setempat sehingga menimbulkan nyeri kanan bawah disebut apendisitis supuratif akut. <span lang="SV">Bila kemudian aliran arteri terganggu akan terjadi infark dinding apendiks yang diikuti dengan gangren yang disebut apendisitis gangrenosa. Bila dinding yang telah rapuh pecah akan terjadi apendisitis perforasi. Bila semua proses di atas berjalan lambat, omentum dan usus berdekatan akan bergerak ke arah apendiks hingga timbul suatu massa lokal yang dsebut infiltrat apendikularis. Peradangan appendiks dapat menjadi abses atau menghilang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;"><span lang="SV"> Pada anak-anak, omentum lebih pendek dan apendiks lebih panjang, dinding apendiks lebih tipis. Keadaan tersebut ditambah dengan daya tahan tubuh yang menjadi kurang memudahkan terjadinya perforasi. Pada orang tua perforasi mudah terjadi karena ada gangguan pembuluh darah (Mansjoer, 2000).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;">3. Manifestasi klinis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Nyeri kuadran bawah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Demam ringan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Mual-muntah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Hilangnya nafsu makan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="DA">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="DA">Nyeri tekan lokal pada titik mc Burney</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Nyeri tekan lepas (hasil atau intesifikasi dari nyeri bila tekanan dilepaskan)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Tanda rovsing dapat timbul dengan melakukan palpoasi kuadran bawah kiri yang secara paradoksimal menyebabkan nyeri yang terasa di kuadran kanan bawah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">h.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Distensi abdomen akibat ileus paralitik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">i.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Kondisi pasien memburuk</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: right;">(Smeltzer, Suzanne, C, 2001)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;">4. Komplikasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 57.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list 57.15pt left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Komplikasi utama apendisitis adalah perforasi appendiks, yang dapat berkembang menjadi peritonitis atau abses.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 57.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list 57.15pt left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Abses sub frenikus</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 57.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt list 57.15pt left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Fokal sepsis intraabdominal lain</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 39.15pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: right;">(Mansjoer, 2000)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.55pt;">5. Pathway</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;">Download link dibawah posting</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;">6. Pemeriksaan diagnostik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Jumlah leukosit lebih tinggi dari 10.000 /mm<sup>3</sup>, normalnya 5.000-10.000/mm<sup>3</sup></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Jumlah netrofil lebih tinggi dari 75%</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pemeriksaan urin rutin, urinalisis normal, tetapi eritrosit atau lekosit mungkin ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Pemeriksaan photo sinar x tidak tampak kelainan yang spesifik</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: right;">(Doengoes, 1999)</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: right;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;">7. Penatalaksanaan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Pembedahan diindikasikan bila diagnosa apendisitis telah ditegakkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Antibiotik dan cairan IV diberikan sampai pembedahan dilakukan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: list .75in left 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="SV">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Analgesik dapat diberikan setelah diagnosa ditegakkan.</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: right;"><span lang="SV">(Smetzer, Suzanne, C., 20010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV">B. Konsep Dasar Keperawatan </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">Menurut Doengoes, 1999</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">1. Pengkajian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV"> Dasar data pengkajian pasien (pra operasi)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">a. Aktivitas atau istirahat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Gejala : Malaise</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;">b. Sirkulasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"> Tanda : Takikardia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV">c. Eliminasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Gejala : Konstipasi pada awitan awal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Diare (kadang-kadang)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Tanda : Distensi abdomen, nyeri tekan / nyeri lepas, kekakuan, penurunan atau tidak ada bising usus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV">d. Makanan / cairan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Gejala : Anoreksia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Mual / muntah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV">e. Nyeri kenyamanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Gejala : Nyeri abdomen sekitar epigastrium dan umbilikus, yang meningkat berat dan terlokalisasi pada titik Mc. Burney.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Mc. Burney (setengah jarak antara umbilikus dan tulang ileum kanan), meningkat karena berjalan, bersin, batuk, atau nafas dalam (nyeri berhenti tiba-tiba di duga perforasi atau infark pada appendiks) keluhan berbagai rasa nyeri atau gejala tidak jelas (sehubungan dengan lokasi appendiks, contoh retrosekal atau sebelah ureter).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Tanda : Perilaku berhati-hati, berbaring ke samping atau telentang dengan lutut ditekuk, meningkatnya nyeri pada kuadran kanan bawah karena posisi ekstensi kaki kanan atau posisi duduk tegak</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Nyeri lepas pada sisi kiri di duga inflamasi peritoneal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV">f. Keamanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Tanda : Demam (biasanya rendah)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV">g. Pernafasan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 106.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 49.65pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -70.9pt;"><span lang="SV"> Tanda : Takipnea, pernafasan dangkal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">2. Diagnosa keperawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">a. Infeksi, resiko tinggi berhubungan dengan tidak adekuatnya pertahanan utama, perforasi atau ruptur pada apendiks, peritonitis, pembentukan abses.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">b. Kekurangan volume cairan, berhubungan dengan muntah pra operasi, pembatasan pasca operasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">c. Nyeri (akut) berhubungan dengan adanya insisi bedah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">d. Kurang pengetahuan berhubungan dengan perjalanan penyakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV">3. Intervensi dan rasionalisasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV"> </span>Diagnosa I</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt; width: 510px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Intervensi</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Rasional</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Awasi tanda vital, perhatikan demam, menggigil, berkeringat, perubahan mental, meningkatkan nyeri abdomen</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Dugaan adanya infeksi atau terjadinya sepsis, abses, peritonitis</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Lakukan pencucian tangan yang baik dan perawatan luka aseptik</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Menurunkan resiko penyebaran penyakit atau bakteri</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Lihat insisi dan balutan</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Memberikan deteksi dini terjadi nya proses infeksi dan pengawasan penyembuhan peritonitis yang telah ada sebelumnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV"> </span>Diagnosa II</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt; width: 510px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Intervensi</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Rasional</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Awasi tekanan darah dan nadi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Tanda yang membantu mengidentifikasi fluktuasi volume intra vaskuler</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Lihat membran mukosa, kaji turgor kulit dan pengisian kapiler</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Indikator keadekuatan sirkulasi perifer dan hidrasi seluler</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Awasi masukan dan haluaran; catat warna urin atau konsentrasi, berat jenis</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.45pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Penurunan haluaran urin pekat dengan peningkatan berat jenis di duga dehidrasi atau kebutuhan peningkatan cairan.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><span lang="SV"> </span>Diagnosa III</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt; width: 510px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Intervensi</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Rasional</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Kaji nyeri, catat lokasi, karakteristik beratnya (skala 0-10)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Berguna dalam pengawasan keefektifan obat, kemajuan penyembuhan</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pertahankan istirahat dengan posisi semi-fowler</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Gravitasi melokalisasi eksudat inflamasi dalam abdomen bawah atau pelvis, menghilang-kan tegangan abdomen</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dorong ambulasi dini</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Meningkatkan normalisasi fungsi organ, contoh merangsang peristaltik dan kelancaran flatus, menurunkan ketidaknyamanan abdomen.</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.6pt;"> Diagnosa IV</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 40.85pt; width: 510px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Intervensi</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 74.8pt; text-align: center;">Rasional</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Kaji ulang pembatasan aktivitas pasca operasi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Memberikan inflamasi pada pasien untuk merencanakan rutinitas biasa tanpa menimbulkan masalah</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Dorong aktivitas sesuai tolerasi dengan periode istirahat periodik</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Mencegah kelemahan, meningkatkan penyembuhan dan perasaan sehat</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 198.45pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 15.85pt; margin-right: -5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;"><span lang="SV">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Anjurkan menggunakan laksatif atau pelembek feses ringan bila perlu dan hindari enema</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 184.25pt;" valign="top" width="246"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 15.85pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -15.85pt;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Membantu kembali ke fungsi usus semula</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 106.35pt 120.5pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 53.05pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 106.35pt 120.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.7pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 88.75pt; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 37.4pt 74.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -88.75pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">Doengoes, Marilynn, E., 2000, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rencana Asuhan Keperawatan, EGC, </i>Jakarta.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">Mansjoer, Arif, 2000, Kapita Selekta Kedokteran, Media Aesculapius, FKUI, Jakarta.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">Smeltzer, C. Suzanne, C. Brenda, G. Bare, 2001, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Buku Ajar Keperawatan Medikal Bedah</i>, Brunner & Suddarth, EGC, Jakarta.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><b>Link Download Askep Ada Dibawah Ini: </b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18621579/ASKEPAPPENDIK_REFISI.doc.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 37.4pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -37.4pt;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18621706/PathwayApendictomi.doc.html" target="_blank"> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><strike>Download Pathway Disini</strike></span></b></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-67665640586311425112012-02-16T06:55:00.000-08:002012-02-16T06:55:13.198-08:00ASKEP / Asuhan Keperawatan Pada AMI / Akut Miokard Infark / IMA / Infark Miokard Akut<div class="MsoTitle"></div><b>A. Anatomi Fisiologi</b> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b> </b>Sistem kardiovaskuler terdiri dari 3 bagian yang saling mempengaruhi yaitu jantung, pembuluh darah, dan darah (Depkes, 1993 : 3)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">1. Jantung</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b> </b>Adalah organ yang mensirkulasi darah teroksigenasi ke paru-paru untuk pertukaran gas (Depkes, 1993:3).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Jantung terletak dalam mediastinum di rongga dada, yaitu diantaa kedua paru-paru. Jantung terdiri dari 3 lapisan : lapisan terluas disebut epikardium, lapisan tengah merupakan lapisan otot yang disebut miokardium, sedangkan lapisan terdalam yaitu lapisan endotel disebut endokardium. Ruangan jantung bagian atas yaitu atrium dan ventrikel. Secara fungsional darah dibagi menjadi alat menjadi alat pompa kanan dan pompa kiri yang memompa darah vena menuju sirkulasi paru-paru dan peredaran darah bersih ke sistemik. Terpisahnya ruangan dalam jantung mencegah percampuran antara daerah yang menerima darah yang tidak teroksigenali dari vena kava superior, inferior, dan sistem koroner. Darah ini melalui katup mitrat ke ventrikel kiri dan dipompakan ke aorta untuk sirkulasi koroner dan sistemik (Sjafoellah, 1996:1069).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"></div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b> </b>Miokardium menerima darah ketika diashole dari arteri kosong. Arteri koronaria kiri bercabang menjadi arteri descendino anterior dan arteri circumflex. Arteri koronaria kanan memberi darah antara lain ke SA node ventrikel kanan, permukaan diafragma ventrikel kanan. Vena-vena koronaria mengembalikan darah ke sinus kemudia bersikulasi langsung ke dalam paru-paru (Depkes, 1993:3).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">2. Pembuluh darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Pembuluh darah yang keluar dari jantung yang membawa darah ke seluruh bagian dan alat tubuh disebut arteri pembuluh darah arteri yang paling besar yang keluar dari ventrikel kiri disebut aorta. Arteri ini mempunyai dinding yang kuat dan tebal tetapi sifatnya elastis dan terdiri 3 lapisan yaitu : lapisan terluar dinding arteri disebut tunika externa. Keadaan tidak elastis disebut arteri osklerosis, sedangkan bagian dalam dari arteri adalah tunika interna atau intima. Pembersihan plaqul yang terjadi pada dinding arteri bagian dalam disebut athero sclerosis. Hal ini mengakibatkan aliran darah arteri terganggu dan dapat mengakibatkan proses iskemia (Depkes, 1993:6).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">3. Darah</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;"> Darah merupakan media transportasi oksigen, karbondioksida dan metabolit. Jadi darah merupakan pengatur keseimbangan asam basa, pengatur hormon dan pengontrol suhu. Dalam darah terdapat eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit, meskipun 55 % elemen dalam darah adalah plasma.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;"> Hemoglobin yang ada dalam eritrosit membawa oksigenasi sel-sel. Peran eritrosit dalam mengangkut hemoglobin adalah penting. Oleh karena itu perlu keseimbangan antara pembentukan dan pemecahan eritrosit untuk menjamin pengantaran oksigen secara adekuat (Depkes, 1993:7).</div><h1 style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: small;">B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Pengertian</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b> </b>Menurut Smeltzer dan Bare, (2008:788) infark miokard mengacu pada proses masuknya proses rusaknya jaringan jantung akibat suplai darah yang tidak adekuat sehingga aliran darah koroner berkurang. Penyebab penurunan suplai darah mungkin akibat penyempitan kritis arteri koroner karena aterosklerosis atau penyumbatan total arteri oleh emboli atau trombus.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Infark miokardium (IM) adalah kematian sel-sel miokardia yang terjadi akibat kekurangan oksigen berkepanjangan (Corwin, 2001:367), yang bersifat sementara dan reversibel (Price and Wilson, 1994:529).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Infark miokard adalah nekrosis miokard akibat aliran darah ke otot jantung terganggu. Biasanya didasari oleh adanya aterosklerosis pembuluh darah koroner. Nekrosis miokard akut hampir selalu terjadi akibat penyumbatan total arteri koronaria oleh trombus yan gterbentuk pada plaqus aterosklerosis yang tidak stabill (Soeparman, 1996:1098).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Infark miokardium merupakan blok total yang mendadak dari arteri koroner atau besar atau pada cabang-cabangnya (Barbara C. Long, 1996:568).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Myocardial infark (MI, sumbatan koroner, thrombosis koroner atau serangan jantung) merupakan sumbatan total pada arteri koronaria. Sumbatan ini mungkin kecil dan focal atau besar dan difus. Pembuluh yang sering terkena adalah koronaris kiri, percabangan anterior kiri dan arteri circumflex. Pembuluh yang tersumbat mungkin hanya satu, dua, atau tiga pembuluh (Depkes, 1993:138).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </div><h1><span style="font-size: small;">C.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Penyebab</span></h1><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent"> Menurut Smeltzer dan Bare (2000:788) penyebab infark miokardium adalah penurunan suplai darah ke jantung akibat penyempitan kritis arteri koroner karena aterosklerosis atau penyumbatan total arteri oleh emboli atau trombus juga bisa diakibatkan karena syok atau perdarahan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Sedangkan menurut Price and Wilson (1994:529) penyebab arteri koronaria yang paling sering ditemukan adalh aterosklerosis pembuluh koroner. Aterosklerosis menyebabkan penimbunan lipid dan jaringan fibrosa dalam arteri koronaria dan secara progresif mempersempit lumen pembuluh darah sehingga resistensi terhadap aliran darah akan meningkat dan membayakan aliran darah miokardium.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Penyebab sumbatan tidak diketahui walaupun diperkirakan perdarahan akibat plaque atherosklerosis dan farmasi thrombus diperkirakan merupakan faktor persipitasi penilitian baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahwa forkasi thrombus dapat berlanjut menjadi infark karena edema yang berkaitan dengan infark menganggu aliran darah dalam arteri koronaria, yang menyebarkan stasis dan formasi thrombus (Depkes, 1993:139).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </div><h1><span style="font-size: small;">D.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Manifestasi Klinis</span></h1><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent"> Menurut Sjaefoellah (1998:110) gejala klinis pada klinis pasien dengan miokard infark yaitu adanya keluhan yang khas adalah nyeri dada seperti diremas-remas, ditekan, ditusuk, panas atau ditindih barang berat. Nyeri dapat menjalar ke tangan (umumnya kiri), pada leher, rahang ke punggung dan epigastrium. Nyeri dapat disertai perasaan mual muntah, sesak, pusing, keringat dingin, berdebar-debar atau sinkope, pasien tampak sering kesakitan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Pada pemeriksaan fisik penurunan kardiak output menyebabkan takikardi, perubahan nadi, hipotensi, muka pucat, diaporesis, kulit dingin, perubahan status mental, sinkope dan berkurangnya produksi urin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Menurut Smeltzer dan Bare (2001:788) manifestasi klinis dari infar miokardium adalah nyeri dada yang tiba-tiba dan berlangsung terus menerus terletak di bagian bawah sternum dan perut atas. Nyeri akan terasa semakin berat sampai tidak tertahankan. Nyeri ini adalah gejala utama yang muncul. Nyeri bisa menyebar ke bahu dan lengan biasanya lengan kiri dan dirasakan tajam dan berat. Napas pendek, pucat, keringat dingin, pusing, dan mual muntah. Pasien dengan diabetes mellitus mungkin tidak merasakan nyeri berat bila menderita infar miokardium, karena neuropati menyertai diabetes mellitus mempengaruhi neuroreseptor, sehingga nyeri yang dialaminya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: small;">E.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Patofisiologi</span></h1><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent"> Menurut Smeltzer dan Bare (2002 : 7776-777) Aterosklerosis dimulai ketika kolesterol berlemak tertimbun di intima arteri besar. Timbunan ini dinamakan ateroma atau plaqul yang akan mengganggu absorpsi nutrien oleh sel-sel endotal yang menyusun lapisan dinding dalam pembuluh darah dan menyumbat aliran darah karena timbunan ini menonjol ke lumen pembuluh darah. Endotel pembuluh darah terkena akan mengalami nekrotik dan menjadi jaringan parut, selanjutnya lumen akan menjadi sempit dan kasar, akan cenderung terjadi pembentukan bekuan darah terjadi koagulasi intravaskuler.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Ateroskleresos koroner menimbulkan sumbatan aliran darah yang berlangsung progresif dan suplai darah yang tidak adekuat atau iskemia yang berat, disertai kerusakan sel inilah yang disebut infark miokardium.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Iskemia miokard bermanifestasi berupa angina pektoris yaitu dengan gejala perasaan tertekan dan penuh atau nyeri substernal. Ini akibat kurangnya oksigen untuk miokard agar dapat bekerja efektif, penyebabnya hampir selalu penyempitan yang disebabkan aterosklerosis, perubahan ini masih reversible dan fungsi sel-sel kembali normal bila oksigenasinya kembali mencukupi (Tambayong, 2000:90).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br />
</div><h1><span style="font-size: small;">F.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Pemeriksaan Penunjang</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b> </b>Menurut Doenges et all (2000:85) pemeriksaan diagnostik pada pasien dengan infark miokard yaitu :</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: 32.15pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 32.15pt left 49.65pt; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>EKG, menunjukkan peninggian gelombang S-T, iskemia berarti penurunan atau datarnya gelombang T dan adanya gelombang Q.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">2. Enzim jantung dan isoenzim, CPK-MB meningkat antara 4-6 jam, memuncak dalam 12-24 jam.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2">3. Elektrolit, ketidakseimbangan dapat mempengaruhi konduksi dan dapat mempengaruhi kontraktilitas.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: 32.15pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 32.15pt left 49.65pt; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Sel darah putih, leukosit (10.000-20.000) tampak pada hari kedua sehubungan dengan proses inflamasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">5. GDA atau oksimetri nadi, dapat menunjukkan hipoksia.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2">6. Kolesterol atau trigliserida serum : meningkat menunjukkan arterisklerosis.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: 32.15pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 32.15pt left 49.65pt; text-indent: -.25in;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Foto dada, mungkin normal atau menunjukkan pembesaran jantung diduga GJK.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">8. Ekokardium, evaluasi lebih lanjut mengenai fungsi dasar terutama ventrikel.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2">9. Angiografi koroner, menggambarkan penyempitan atau sumbatan arteri koroner.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: .25in 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b>G. Pathway dan Masalah Keperawatan</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b> Download Pathway Dibawah</b></div><h1><span style="font-size: small;">H.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Penatalaksanaan</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">1. Penatalaksanaan medis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><b> </b>Menurut Smetlzer (2002:790) : Tujuan dari penatalaksanaan medis adalah memperkecil kerusakan jantung sehingga mengurangi terjadinya komplikasi. Kerusakan jantung diperkecil dengan cara, segera mengembalikan keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan suplai oksigen jantung tetapi obat-obatan, pemberian oksigen dan tirah baring dilakukan secara bersamaan untuk tetap mempertahankan fungsi jantung. Obat-obatan dan oksigen digunakan untuk mengurangi kebutuhan oksigen, sementara tirah baring dilakukan untuk mengurangi kebutuhan oksigen. Hilangnya nyeri merupakan indikator utama bahwa kebutuhan dan suplai telah mencapai keseimbangan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Ada tiga kelas obat-obatan yang biasa digunakan untuk meningkatkan suplai oksigen Smeltzer dan Bare, 2002:791-802).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">a. Vasodilator</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Vasodilator pilihan untuk mengurangi nyeri jantung adalh nitrogliserin. Nitrogliserin menyebabkan dilatasi arteri dan vena, sehingga menurunkan jumlah darah yang kembali ke jantung (pre load) dan mengurangi beban kerja (viorkload) jantung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">b. Antikoagulan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Heparin digunakan untuk membantu mempertahankan integritas jantung. Dengan memperpanjang waktu pembekuan darah dapat menurunkan kemungkinan pembentukan trombus dan akan menurunkan aliran darah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Trombosit</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Tujuan trombosit untuk melarutkan setiap trombus yang telah terbentuk di arteri koroner, memperkecil penyumbatan dan juga luasnya infark, contohnya steptokinase atau anti streptease, selain itu pemberi analgetik juga bisa diberikan. Morfin dapat menurunkan tekanan dalam kapiler paru, mengurangi perembasan cairan ke jaringan paru dan menurunkan kecepatan napas. Diuretik bisa diberikan untuk vasodilatasi dan penimbunan darah di pembuluh darah perifer, contohnya furosemide (lasix).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">2. Penatalaksanaan keperawatan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Menurut Doenges et alll (2000;84) dasar data pengkajian yang perlu diperhatikan pada pasien dengan infark miokard adalah sebagai berikut :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Aktivitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Pasien sering mengalami kelemahan, kelelahan, tidak dapat tidur. Ditandai adanya takikardia dan dispnea pada saat istirahat maupun beraktivitas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Sirkulasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Adanya riwayat infark miokard sebelumnya, penyakit arteri koroner, gagal jantung kronis, masalah tekanan darah dan diabetes mellitus perlu ditanyakan pada pasien. Ditandai dengan tekanan darah dapat normal atau naik atau turun, nadi dapat normal penuh atau tak kuat juga bisa lemah tapi kuat, dan disritmia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Nyeri atau ketidaknyamanan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> Nyeri dada yang timbulnya mendadak atau tidak berhubungan dengan aktivitas, tida hilang dengan istirahat skala nyeri 1-10. Hal ini ditandai dengan wajah meringis, menangis, merintih. Perubahan frekuensi atau irama jantung, tekanan darah, pernapasan, warna kulit, kesadaran.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">d. Pernapasan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Pada pasien infark dapat terjadi dispnea, batuk dengan atau tanpa produksi sputum, riwayat merokok dan pernapasan kronis, ditandai dengan peningkatan frekuensi pernapasan, napas sesak, pucat, sianosis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Tindakan keperawatan utama pada paisen infark meliputi sebagai berikut (Corwin, 2001:371) :</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="tab-stops: 56.7pt 78.0pt;">1) Diberikan oksigen untuk meningkatkan oksigen darah sehingga beban atau jantung berkurang dan perfusi sistemik meningkat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">2) Pembahasan aktivitas fisik untuk mengurangi beban kerja jantung membantu membatasi luas kerusakan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.7pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">3) Obat untuk menghilangkan nyeri untuk menenangkan pasien juga sebagai vasodilator yang bekerja menurunkan preload dan afterload, contohnya morfin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 60.55pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 60.55pt left 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; text-indent: -.25in;">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diberikan diuretik untuk mencegah kelebihan volume serta timbulnya gagal jantung kongestif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify;">. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b>I. Fokus Intervensi</b></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent"> Diagnosa dan fokus intervensi menurut Doenges et all (2000:86) pada infark miokard adalah :</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2">1. Nyeri (akut) berhubungan dengan iskemia jaringan sekunder terhadap sumbatan arteri koroner :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Tujuan : tidak ada keluhan nyeri dada atau nyeri dapat terkontrol </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Kritera hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Menyatakan nyeri dada hilang atau terkontrol</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Menggunakan penggunaan tehnik relaksasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Menunjukkan menurunnya tegangan, rileks dan mudah bergerak</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Pantau dan catat karakteristik nyeri, catat laporan verbal dan non verbal, respon hemodinamix.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Ambil gambaran lengkap terhadap nyeri, lokasi, intensitas (0-10), lamanya, kualitas dan penyebaran.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Berikan lingkungan yang tenang, aktivitas perlahan dan tindakan nyaman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Bantuk melakukan tehnik relaksasi, misalnya nafas dalam.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Periksa tanda vial sebelum dan sesudah obat narkotik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">f. Berikan oksigen tambahan sesuai indikasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">g. Berikan obat sesuai dengan indikasi, contoh analgetik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">2. Intoleransi aktivitas berhubungan dengan ketidakseimbangan antara suplai oksigen miokard dan kebutuhan, adanya iskemia/nekrosis jaringan miokard.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Tujuan : meningkatkan tingkat aktivitas untuk perawatan diri.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Kriteria hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Mendemonstrasikan peningkatan toleransi aktivitas yang dapat diukur dengan tekanan darah dalam batas normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Kulit hangat, merah muda dan kering.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Catat frekuensi jantung, irama dan perubahan tekanan darah sebelum, selamat, sesudah aktivitas sesuai indikasi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Tingkatkan istirahat, batasi aktivitas pada dasar nyeri.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Anjurkan pasien menghindari peningkatan tekanan abdomen, contoh mengejar saat defekasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Jelaskan pola peningkatan bertahap dari tingkat aktivitas, contoh bangun dari kursi bila tidak nyeri, ambulasi dan istirahat selama 1 jam setelah makan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Kaji ulang tanda gejala yang menunjukkan tidak toleransi terhadap aktivitas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">3. Resiko tinggi terhadap penurunan curah jantung berhubungan dengan perubahan frekuensi, irama dan konduksi elektrikal; penurunan preload atau peningkatan tahanan vasukeler sistemik, otot infark.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Tujuan : kecepatan atau irama jantung mampu mempertahankan curah jantung adekuat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Kiteria hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Mempertahankan stabilitas hemodinamik, contoh tekanan darah dan curah jantung.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Melaporkan penurunan episode dispnea.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Mendemonstrasikan peningkatan toleransi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Auskultasi tekanan darah dan evaluasi kualitas dan kesamaan nadi sesuai indikasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Pantau adanya murmur atau gesekan dan auskultasi bunyi nafas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Pantau frekuensi jantung dan irama, catat adanya disritmia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Catat respon terhadap aktivitas dan peningkatan istirahat dengan cepat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Berikan makanan kecil, mudah dikunyah, batasi asupan kafein; contoh : kopin, coklat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">f. Pantau data laboratorium, contoh enzim jantung, GDA dan elektrolit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">4. Resiko tinggi terhadap perubahan perfusi jaringan berhubungan dengan penurunan aliran darah sekunder akibat vasokontriksi, pembentukan tromboembali.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -61.65pt;">Tujuan : perfusi jaringan perifer tetap adekuat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 1.25in; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -61.65pt;">:Kriteria hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Mendemonstrasikan perfusi adekuat secara individual, contoh kulit hangat dan kering.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Nadi perifer kuat, tanda vital dalam batas normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Tidak ada edema, bebas nyeri atau ketidaknyamanan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Lihat pucat, sianosis, kulit dingin atau lembab, catat kekuatan nadi perifer.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Dorong latihan kaki aktif atau pasif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Pantau pernafasan, catat kerja pernafasan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Pantau pemasukan dan perubahan haluaran urine.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Pantau dan laboratorium, contoh : GDA, BUN, kreatinin, elektrolit.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 190%; tab-stops: 63.8pt;">5. Resiko tinggi terhadap kelebihan volume cairan berhubungan dengan penurunan perfusi organ (ginjal), peningkatan natrium atau retensi air, peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik atau penurunan protein plasma</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 78.0pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -49.65pt;">Tujuan : mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan dan biokimia.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 78.0pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -49.65pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 78.0pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -49.65pt;">Kritera hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan dengan tekanan darah dalam batas normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Tidak ada distensi vena perifer dan edema dependen, paru bersih.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Berat badan stabil</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Auskultasi bunyi nafas untuk adanya krakels.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Catat DVJ, adanya edema dependen.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Ukur masukan atau haluaran, catat penurunan pengeluaran, hitung keseimbangan cairan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Timbang berat badan tiap hari.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Berikan diet natrium rendah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">f. Berikan diuretik, contoh furosemid (lasex).</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 190%; tab-stops: 63.8pt;">6. Ansietas berhubungan dengan perubahan kesehatan, ancaman kehilangan atau kematian.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Tujuan : ansietas berkurang atau teratasi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 84.0pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -55.65pt;">Kriteria hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Mengenal perasaannya, mengidentifikasi penyebab dan faktor yang mempengaruhi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Menyatakan penurunan ansietas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Mendemonstrasikan pemecahan masalah positif.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a. Dorong mengekspresikan dan jangan menolak perasaan marah, kehilangan dan takut.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b. Orientasikan pasien atau orang terdekat terhadap prosedur rutin dan aktivitas yang diharapkan. Tingkatkan partisipasi pasien bila mungkin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c. Dorong pasien atau orang terdekat untuk mengkomunikasikan dengan seseoarang berbagai pertanyaan dan masalah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d. Berikan periode istirahat, lingkungan tenang.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e. Jawab semua pertanyaan secara nyata, berikan informasi konsisten.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">f. Dorong kemandirian, perawatan sendiri dan pembuatan keputusan dalam rencana pengobatan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">g. Dorong keputusan tentang harapan setelah pulang.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">h. Berikan anti cemas sesuai indikasi.</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 190%;"> Diagnosa dan fokus intervensi menurut Smeltzer dan Bare (2002:800) yaitu :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">1. Pola pernapasan tidak efektif berhubungan dengan kelebihan cairan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.5pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">Tujuan : tidak terjadi kesulitan pernapasan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.5pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">Kriteria hasil.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">a. Tidak merasakan sesak napas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">b. Kecepatan pernapasan tetap dibawah 20 x/menit pada aktivitas fisik dan 16 x/menit saat istirahat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">c. Warna kulit normal, PaO<sub>2</sub> dalam batas normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">d. Tekanan darah normal, frekuensi jantung 60-100 kali/menit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">a. Kaji bunyi jantung, bunyi napas tidak normal (terutama crackels) dan intoleransi aktivitas tertentu dan setiap nyeri dada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">b. Memperbaiki kenyamanan fisik dengan memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien, pastikan bahwa istirahat sudah cukup.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">c. Memberikan pengajaran untuk mematuhi diet yang dianjurkan, misalnya mengenai diet rendah garam, rendah kalori.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">d. Berikan oksigen tambahan sesuai dengan indikasi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">2. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan intake yang tidak adekuat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Tujuan : meningkatkan masukan nutrisi </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"> Kriteria hasil :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">a. Menunjukkan berat badan meningkat mencapai tujuan dengan nilai laboratorium normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">b. Bebas tanda mal nutrisi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">Intervensi :</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">a. Catat status nutrisi pasien pada penerimaan, catat turgor kulit, berat badan, integritas mukosa oral, kemampuan atau ketidakmampuan menelan, riwayat mual muntah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">b. Pastikan pola diit biasa pasien.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">c. Awasi masukan atau pengeluaran dan berat badan periodik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">d. Selidiki anoreksia, mual dan muntah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">e. Dorong dan berikan periode istirahat siang.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 190%; margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">f. Rujuk ke ahli diit untuk menetapkan komposisi diit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-31904267053540255472012-02-16T04:09:00.000-08:002012-02-16T07:00:07.985-08:00Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Demam Typoid<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">KONSEP DASAR</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">PENGERTIAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Carollus (1994:1) demam typoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut usus halus yang disebabkan oleh salmonella typhi, salmonella parathypi A, salmonella parathypi B, salmonella parathypi C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Soeparman (1996:435) sinonim demam typoid dan demam paratypoid adalah typoid dan paratypoid fever, enteris fever, typhus dan paratyphus abdominalis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">ETIOLOGI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Mansjoer (1999:421) demam typoid disebabkan oleh salmonella typhi, sedangkan demam paratyphoid disebabkan oleh organisme dalam spesies salmonella enteritidis yaitu salmonella enteritidis bioserotipe paratyphi A, salmonella enteritidis bioserotipe paratyphi B, salmonella enteritidis bioserotipe paratyphi C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">PATHWAY</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">Download pathway dibawah link gambar download askep</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">MANIFESTASI KLINIS</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Masa tunas demam typhoid berlangsung 10 sampai 14 hari, gejala yang timbul amat bervariasi. serangan demam dapat mencapai 40 C, lebih panas pada malam hari, dalam minggu pertama keluhan dan gejala serupa dengan infeksi akut yaitu demam, nyeri kepala, pusing, anoreksia, mual, muntah, obstipasi atau diare, perasaan tidak enak di perut, batuk dan epistaksis. Pada minggu kedua suhu badan yang tinggi mengalami penurunan sedikit pada waktu pagi hari. Bradikardi relatif, hepatomegali, splenomegali, meteorismus dan gangguan mental berupa somnolen dan delirium karena terjadi peningkatan suhu (Soeparman, 1996 : 436). Pada minggu ketiga terjadi ulserasi pada plak peyeri dan pada minggu keempat terjadi penyembuhan ulkus-ulkus yang menimbulkan sikatriks. Selain itu biakan cairan lesi menunjukkan adanya basil typhoid juga terdapat bakteri di dalam lambung, empedu atau ginjal, menyebabkan penderita yang sembuh dari demam typhoid menjadi carier yang menjadi sumber penularan bagi orang lain (P. K. Sint Carolus, 1994 : 2).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">PENATALAKSANAAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Braunwald (1991) penatalaksanaan medis adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Obat-obat antibiotik : kloramfenikol, tiamfenikol.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Antipiretika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tirah baring selama demam, untuk mencegah komplikasi perdarahan usus atau perforasi usus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Diet pada permulaan, diet makanan yang tidak merangsang ke saluran cerna dalam bentuk saring atau lunak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Makanan dapat ditingkatkan sesuai perkembangan keluhan gastro intestinal sampai makanan biasa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tindakan operasi bila ada komplikasi perforasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Transfusi bila diperlukan pada komplikasi perdarahan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">F.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">KOMPLIKASI</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Soeparman (1996 : 438) komplikasi typoid adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi intestinal : perdarahan usus, perforasi usus, illeus paralitik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi ekstra intestinal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi kardiovaskuler : kegagalan sirkulasi perifer (renjatan sepsis), miokarditis, trombosis dan tromboplebitis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi darah : anemia hemolitik, trombositopeni.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi paru : pneumonia, pleuritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi hepar dan kandung empedu : hepatitis, kolesistitis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi ginjal : glomerulonefritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi tulang : osteomielitis artritis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Komplikasi psikiatrik : delirium, meningitis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">G.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">PENGELOLAAN KASUS </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hipertermia berhubungan dengan proses infeksi salmonella typhi (Mi Ja Kim, 1995)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Pasien mencapai suhu tubuh normal (36<sup>0</sup> – 37<sup>0</sup> C).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor resiko hipertermia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurunkan faktor-faktor resiko hipertermia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Mempertahankan suhu tubuh normal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji sejauh mana pengetahuan pasien tentang hipertermia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi TTV.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi masukan cairan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jelaskan penyebab terjadinya hipertermia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan upaya-upaya untuk mengatasi hipertermia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dengan dokter dalam pemberian antipiretik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri berhubungan dengan lesi plak peyeri , proses inflamasi akibat salmonella typhi (Tucker, 1998 : 13).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Nyeri berkurang atau hilang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pasien mengatakan rasa nyeri perut hilang </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Vital sign dalam batas normal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Rencana tindakan :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi TTV.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji tingkat nyeri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ciptakan lingkungan yang tenang dan nyaman.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Alihkan perhatian pasien dari rasa nyeri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Laksanakan program terapi dokter dalam pemberian antibiotik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan berhubungan dengan intake yang kurang akibat mual, muntah, anoreksia (PK Sint Carolus, 1994).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Kebutuhan nutrisi pasien terpenuhi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keadaan umum baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Makanan porsi sedang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penambahan berat badan sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji pola makan pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan pasien makan dalam porsi kecil dan sering. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jelaskan pentingnya makanan bagi tubuh.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sajikan makan dalam keadaan hangat. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Timbang BB pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan pola eliminasi : diare berhubungan dengan proses peradangan pada usus. (PK Sint Corolus, 1994).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Defekasi normal </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Konsistensi lembek.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tidak terjadi kerusakan kulit atau lecet pada anus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji dan catat keadaan abdomen, bising usus, adanya kembung, nyeri.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi keadaan umum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jelaskan penyebab diare.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Berikan makanan yang tidak merangsang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Timbang BB.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kolaborasi dalam pemberian obat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gangguan pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari berhubungan dengan kelemahan fisik. (Carpenito, 2000)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Pasien dapat meningkatkan kemampuan untuk melakukan aktivitas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Aktivitas mandiri meningkat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kebutuhan sehari-hari pasien terpenuhi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji toleransi pasien terhadap aktivitas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Observasi TTV.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Ajarkan pasien melakukan aktivitas fisik sesuai kemampuannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bantu aktivitas kebutuhan sehari-hari sesuai kebutuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan aktivitas perawatan diri segera setelah pasien dapat melakukannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Resiko tinggi perdarahan dan perforasi usus berhubungan dengan nekrosis plak peyeri. (Ngastiyah, 1997 : 161)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Perdarahan dan perforasi usus tidak terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji keadaan umum</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji TTV.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perhatikan penggunaan obat secara teratur dan adekuat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Anjurkan pasien untuk istirahat atau tirah baring sesuai kondisi pasien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Lakukan pengawasan tingkat kesadaran, hentikan makan dan minum saat dijumpai komplikasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Resiko tinggi defisit volume cairan berhubungan dengan intake yang kurang, dehidrasi ( Tucker, 1998 )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan : Pasien menunjukkan masukan dan haluaran yang seimbang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Kriteria hasil : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Turgor kulit baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN"> Tidak terjadi dehidrasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN"> Keadaan umum baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN">Intervensi :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pantau pemasukan dan haluaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pantau elektrolit darah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kaji edema perifer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hindari pemakaian laksatif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Awasi tekanan darah dan frekuensi jantung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kontrol suhu lingkungan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 56.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span lang="IN">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perhatikan tanda dan gejala dehidrasi.</span></div><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-right: 24.1pt; tab-stops: dotted 387.0pt right blank 411.1pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 24.1pt; tab-stops: dotted 387.0pt right blank 411.1pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 26.6pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.6pt;"><span lang="IN">Anderson, Sylvia. (1993). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Patofisiologi Konsep Klinik Proses-Proses Penyakit</b>. Edisi 2. Alih Bahasa : Adji Dharma Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.5pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><span lang="IN">Braunwald, Eugene, et all. (1991). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Harrison Kelainan Karena Agen Biologik dan Lingkungan</b>. Edisi II. Alih Bahasa : Dr. Petrus Andrianto. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.8pt;"><span lang="IN">Carpenito, LJ. (2000). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diagnosa Keperawatan Aplikasi Pada Praktik Klinis</b>. Edisi 6. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.8pt;"><span lang="IN">Carpenito, LJ. (2001). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Buku Saku Diagnosa Keperawatan</b>. Edisi 8. Alih Bahasa : Monica Ester, SKp. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 25.9pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.9pt;"><span lang="IN">Engram, Barbara. (1998). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Medical Surgical Nursing Care Plans</b>. Volume 2. Editor : Ester Monica. Alih Bahasa : Suharyati Samba. Rencana Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 25.9pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.9pt;"><span lang="IN">Ganong, William F. (1999) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran</b>. Edisi 17. Penerjemah : dr. M. Djauhari Widjajakusumah, dkk. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 24.5pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.5pt;"><span lang="IN">Kim, Mi Ja. (1995). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diagnosa Keperawatan</b>. Edisi 5. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.4pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.4pt;"><span lang="IN">Long, Barbara. (1993). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perawatan Medikal Bedah (Suatu Pendekatan Proses Keperawatan)</b>. Penerbit Yayasan IAPK Pananaran. Bandung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.4pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.4pt;"><span lang="IN">Long, Barbara. (1996). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perawatan Medikal Bedah (Suatu Pendekatan Proses Keperawatan)</b>. Penerbit Yayasan IAPK Pananaran. Bandung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.7pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.7pt;"><span lang="IN">Mansjoer, Arief, dkk. (1999) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapita Selekta Kedokteran</b>. Edisi 3. Jilid I. Penerbit Media Aesculapius FKUI. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.7pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.7pt;"><span lang="IN">Mansjoer, Arief, dkk. (2000) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapita Selekta Kedokteran</b>. Edisi 3. Jilid I. Penerbit Media Aesculapius FKUI. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN">Ngastiyah. (1997). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Perawatan Anak Sakit</b>. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.3pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.3pt;"><span lang="IN">Ovedoff, David. (1995). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kapita Selekta Kedokteran</b>. Edisi Revisi. Penerbit Media Aesculapius FKUI. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN">PK. Sint Carolus. (1994). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Demam Typoid</b>. Penerbit Panitia S.A.K. Komisi. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.8pt;"><span lang="IN">Soeparman. (1994). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ilmu Penyakit Dalam</b>. Edisi I. Jilid II. Balai Pustaka FKUI. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -23.8pt;"><span lang="IN">Soeparman. (1996). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ilmu Penyakit Dalam</b>. Edisi I. Jilid II. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta</span><br />
<span lang="IN">Tucker, Susan Martin, et all. (1998). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Standar Perawatan Pasien Proses Perawatan, Diagnosis, dan Evaluasi</b>. Volume 1. Edisi V. Alih Bahasa : Yasmin Asih, SKp, dkk. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -2.9pt; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18619390/AskepdemamTypoid.doc.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18619410/Pathway.xls.html" target="_blank"><strike><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Download Pathway Disini</b></span></strike></a></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-72633805050666728942012-02-16T03:51:00.000-08:002012-02-16T03:52:02.958-08:00Asuhan Keperawatan Kista Periapikal<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Definisi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kista adalah rongga patologis yang biasanya berdinding jaringan ikat dan berisi cairan kental atau semi likuid, dapat berada dalam jaringan lunak ataupun keras seperti tulang. Rongga kista di dalam rongga mulut selalu dibatasi epitel.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kista periapikal adalah kista yang terbentuk pada ujung apeks (akar) gigi yang jaringan pulpanya sudah nonvital/mati. Kista ini merupakan lanjutan dari pulpitis (peradangan pulpa). Dapat terjadi di ujung gigi manapun, dan dapat terjadi pada semua umur. Ukurannya berkisar antara 0.5-2 cm, tapi bisa juga lebih. Bila kista mencapai ukuran diameter yang besar, ia dapat menyebabkan wajah menjadi tidak simetri karena adanya benjolan dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan parestesi () karena tertekannya syaraf oleh kista tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><a name='more'></a> Kista ini tidak menimbulkan keluhan atau rasa sakit, kecuali kista yang terinfeksi. Pada pemeriksaan radiografis, kista periapikal memperlihatkan gambaran seperti dental granuloma yaitu lesi radiolusen berbatas jelas di sekitar apeks gigi yang bersangkutan.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perhatikan batas kista yang jelas, berupa garis putih. Hal inilah yang membedakan kista periapikal dengan dental granuloma.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan mendasarnya adalah adanya epitel yang membatasi rongga kista. Gigi yang bersangkutan dengan kista ini biasanya tanpa gejala atau keluhan. Namun kadang kala batas ini tidak terlalu jelas sehingga diagnosa kista sulit ditegakkan. Bila demikian perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan histologis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penyebab</span></b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kista ini disebabkan oleh berlanjutnya peradangan yang awalnya terjadi pada pulpa, yang kemudian meluas hingga jaringan periapikal di bawahnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambaran mikroskopis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara mikroskopis, kista radikuler dibentuk oleh dinding jaringan ikat kolagen matang. Jaringan ikat ini menjadi kerangka dasar atau stroma dari kebanyakan kista yang lokasinya ada di rongga mulut. di bagian dalam dinding kista dapat ditemukan banyak fibroblast yang merupakan sel dasar dari jaringan ikat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kista mengandung sel radang dalam jumlah yang bervariasi. Sel di dalam infiltrat yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah limfosit, dengan ciri khas inti yang berwarna gelap. Sel plasma juga banyak terdapat di dalam dinding kista, dan kebanyakan dijumpai pada kista yang kronik. Selain itu, ditemukan juga eritrosit, <i>giant cell</i>, dan kristal kolesterol.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perawatan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perawatan terdiri dari perawatan saluran akar, atau pencabutan gigi yang bersangkutan kemudian kista dikuretase.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"></div><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-16985728029643257162012-02-16T03:01:00.000-08:002012-02-16T03:32:15.735-08:00Menarik DiriPengertian menarik diri adalah merupakan suatu percobaan untuk menghindari interaksi atau hubungan dengan orang lain yang ditandai dengan isolasi diri dan perawatan diri yang kurang. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Penyebab :</b></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Perkembangan<br />
Sentuhan, perhatian, atau kehangatan yang kurang dari keluarga yang mengakibatkan individu menyendiri dan kemampuan berhubungan dengan orang lain tidak adekuat dapat berakhir dengan menarik diri.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Komunikasi dalam Keluarga<br />
Klien sering mengalami kecemasan dalam berhubungan dengan anggota keluarga, sering menjadi kambing hitam, sikap keluarga yang tidak konsisten (kadang boleh kadang tidak). Sikap ini membuat klien enggan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Sosial Budaya<br />
Di kota besar, masing-masing individu sibuk memperjuangkan hidup sehingga tidak ada waktu bersosialisasi. Individu yang tidak produktif diasingkan dari orang lain, situasi ini mendukung perilaku menarik diri.</span></li>
</ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><b></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b>Tanda-tanda :</b></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Aspek Fisik </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Makan dan minum kurang</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Tidur kurang atau terganggu</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Penampilan diri kurang</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Keberanian kurang </span></li>
</ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Aspek Emosi </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bicara tidak jelas, merengek, menangis seperti anak kecil</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Merasa malu atau bersalah</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Mudah panic dan tiba-tiba marah </span></li>
</ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Aspek Sosial </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Duduk menyendiri</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Selalu tunduk</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Tampak melamun</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Tidak peduli lingkungan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Menghindar dari orang lain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Tergantung pada orang lain </span></li>
</ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Aspek Intelektual </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Putus asa</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Merasa sendiri, tidak ada sokongan, kurang percaya diri </span></li>
</ol></ol><div style="margin-left: 1.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Peran serta keluarga dalam merawat klien</b></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bantu dan perhatikan pemenuhan kebutuhan makan, minum, kebersihan diri dan penampilan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Latih dan libatkan klien dalam kegiatan sehari-hari (cuci pakaian, setrika, menyapu, dll) </span></li>
</ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bantu komunikasi dengan teratur </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Bicara jelas dan singkat</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Kontak / bicara secara teratur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Pertahankan tatap mata secara teratur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Lakukan sentuhan yang akrab</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Sabar, lembut, tidak terburu-buru</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Hindari kecemasan pada klien </span></li>
</ol><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Libatkan dalam Kelompok </span></li>
<ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Beri kesempatan untuk menonton TV, mendengarkan music, membaca buku, dll</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Sediakan peralatan pribadi seperti tempat tidur, almari, dll</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Pertemuan keluarga secara teratur </span></li>
</ol></ol><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Menyendiri bisa menimbulkan gangguan jiwa lain yaitu halusinasi ( merasa mendengar bisikan, merasa melihat bayangan, merasa ada yang meraba, merasa mencium bau, yang semua itu sebenarnya tidak ada ).</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18618940/MenarikDir1.doc.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-84820991506803735462012-02-15T21:21:00.000-08:002012-02-15T22:52:47.845-08:00LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN MENARIK DIRI<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Masalah Utama : </b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Menarik diri.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Proses Terjadinya Masalah</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l35 level2 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -1.0in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Pengertian</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: .5in;">Menarik diri merupakan percobaan untuk menghindari interaksi dengan orang lain, menghindari hubungan dengan orang lain (Rawlins,1993). Terjadinya perilaku menarik diri dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposisi dan stressor presipitasi. Faktor perkembangan dan sosial budaya merupakan faktor predispoisi terjadinya perilaku menarik diri. Kegagalan perkembangan dapat mengakibatkan individu tidak percaya diri, tidak percaya orang lain, ragu, takut salah, pesimis, putus asa terhadap hubungan dengan orang lain, menghindar dari orang lain, tidak mampu merumuskan keinginan, dan merasa tertekan. Keadaan menimbulkan perilaku tidak ingin berkomunikasi dengan orang lain, menghindar dari orang lain, lebih menyukai berdiam diri sendiri, kegiatan sehari-hari hampir terabaikan.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>Gejala Klinis :</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Apatis, ekspresi sedih, afek tumpul</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Menghindar dari orang lain (menyendiri)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Komunikasi kurang/tidak ada. Klien tidak tampak bercakap-cakap dengan klien lain/perawat</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tidak ada kontak mata, klien sering menunduk</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Berdiam diri di kamar/klien kurang mobilitas</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Menolak berhubungan dengan orang lain, klien memutuskan percakapan atau pergi jika diajak bercakap-cakap</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l31 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tidak melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari.</div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: right;">(Budi Anna Keliat, 1998)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l38 level2 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -1.0in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Penyebab dari Menarik Diri</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Salah satu penyebab dari menarik diri adalah harga diri rendah. Harga diri adalah penilaian individu tentang pencapaian diri dengan menganalisa seberapa jauh perilaku sesuai dengan ideal diri. Dimana gangguan harga diri dapat digambarkan sebagai perasaan negatif terhadap diri sendiri, hilang kepercayaan diri, merasa gagal mencapai keinginan.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -6.5pt;"><b>Gejala Klinis </b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Perasaan malu terhadap diri sendiri akibat penyakit dan tindakan terhadap penyakit (rambut botak karena terapi)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Rasa bersalah terhadap diri sendiri (mengkritik/menyalahkan diri sendiri)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Gangguan hubungan sosial (menarik diri)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Percaya diri kurang (sukar mengambil keputusan)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Mencederai diri (akibat dari harga diri yang rendah disertai harapan yang suram, mungkin klien akan mengakiri kehidupannya.</div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: right;">( Budi Anna Keliat, 1999)</div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: right;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l46 level2 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -1.0in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Akibat dari Menarik Diri</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Klien dengan perilaku menarik diri dapat berakita adanya terjadinya resiko perubahan sensori persepsi (halusinasi). Halusinasi ini merupakan salah satu orientasi realitas yang maladaptive, dimana halusinasi adalah persepsi klien terhadap lingkungan tanpa stimulus yang nyata, artinya klien menginterprestasikan sesuatu yang nyata tanpa stimulus/ rangsangan eksternal. </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>Gejala Klinis :</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>bicara, senyum dan tertawa sendiri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>menarik diri dan menghindar dari orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>tidak dapat membedakan tidak nyata dan nyata</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>tidak dapat memusatkan perhatian</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>curiga, bermusuhan, merusak (diri sendiri, orang lain dan lingkungannya), takut</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>ekspresi muka tegang, mudah tersinggung</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">(Budi Anna Keliat, 1999)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>III.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Pohon Masalah</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: center;">Resiko Perubahan Sensori-persepsi :</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: center;">Halusinasi ……..</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 126.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: 18.15pt;"><b>Isolasi sosial : menarik diri </b>Core Problem</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: center;">Gangguan Konsep Diri : Harga Diri Rendah</div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-align: right;">( Budi Anna Keliat, 1999)</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo9; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>IV.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Masalah Keperawatan dan Data yang perlu dikaji</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>a. Masalah Keperawatan</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Resiko perubahan persepsi - sensori : halusinasi</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Isolasi Sosial : menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Gangguan konsep diri : harga diri rendah</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>b. Data yang perlu dikaji</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Resiko perubahan persepsi - sensori : halusinasi</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>1). Data Subjektif</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien mengatakan mendengar bunyi yang tidak berhubungan dengan stimulus nyata</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien mengatakan melihat gambaran tanpa ada stimulus yang nyata</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien mengatakan mencium bau tanpa stimulus</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien merasa makan sesuatu</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien merasa ada sesuatu pada kulitnya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien takut pada suara/ bunyi/ gambar yang dilihat dan didengar</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien ingin memukul/ melempar barang-barang</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>2). Data Objektif</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien berbicara dan tertawa sendiri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien bersikap seperti mendengar/ melihat sesuatu</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien berhenti bicara ditengah kalimat untuk mendengarkan sesuatu</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disorientasi </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Isolasi Sosial : menarik diri</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>1). Data Subyektif</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Sukar didapat jika klien menolak komunikasi. Terkadang hanya berupa jawaban singkat ya atau tidak.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>2). Data Obyektif</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Klien terlihat apatis, ekspresi sedih, afek tumpul, menyendiri, berdiam diri di kamar dan banyak diam.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Gangguan konsep diri : harga diri rendah</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>1). Data subyektif: </b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Klien mengatakan: saya tidak mampu, tidak bisa, tidak tahu apa-apa, bodoh, mengkritik diri sendiri, mengungkapkan perasaan malu terhadap diri sendiri.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><b>2). Data obyektif:</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 54.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Klien tampak lebih suka sendiri, bingung bila disuruh memilih alternatif tindakan, ingin mencederai diri/ ingin mengakhiri hidup.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo16; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.5in;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>V.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><b>Diagnosis Keperawatan</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">1). Resiko perubahan persepsi sensori: halusinasi …. berhubungan dengan menarik diri.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">2). Isolasi sosial: menarik diri berhubungan dengan harga diri rendah.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>VI. Rencana Tindakan Keperawatan</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 90.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -1.0in;"><b><u>Diagnosa 1 </u>: </b>Resiko perubahan persepsi sensori: halusinasi …. berhubungan dengan menarik diri.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tujuan Umum :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Klien dapat berinteraksi dengan orang lain sehingga tidak terjadi halusinasi</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tujuan Khusus :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat membina hubungan saling percaya </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 90.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -54.45pt;">Rasional : Hubungan saling percaya merupakan landasan utama untuk hubungan selanjutnya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">1.1 Bina hubungan saling percaya dengan menggunakan prinsip komunikasi terapeutik dengan cara :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>sapa klien dengan ramah baik verbal maupun non verbal</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>perkenalkan diri dengan sopan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>tanyakan nama lengkap klien dan nama panggilan yang disukai</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>jelaskan tujuan pertemuan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>jujur dan menepati janji</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>tunjukkan sikap empati dan menerima klien apa adanya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>berikan perhatian kepada klien dan perhatian kebutuhan dasar klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat menyebutkan penyebab menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 90.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -54.15pt;">Rasional : Memberi kesempatan untuk mengungkapkan perasaannya dapat membantu mengurangi stres dan penyebab perasaaan menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tindakan </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">2.1 Kaji pengetahuan klien tentang perilaku menarik diri dan tanda-tandanya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">2.1. Beri kesempatan kepada klien untuk mengungkapkan perasaan penyebab menarik diri atau mau bergaul</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">2.1. Diskusikan bersama klien tentang perilaku menarik diri, tanda-tanda serta penyebab yang muncul</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">2.1. Berikan pujian terhadap kemampuan klien mengungkapkan perasaannya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">3. Klien dapat menyebutkan keuntungan berhubungan dengan orang lain dan kerugian tidak berhubungan dengan orang lain.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Rasional :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Untuk mengetahui keuntungan dari bergaul dengan orang lain.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Untuk mengetahui akibat yang dirasakan setelah menarik diri.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tindakan :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Kaji pengetahuan klien tentang manfaat dan keuntungan berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri kesempatan kepada klien untuk mengungkapkan perasaan tentang keuntungan berhubungan dengan prang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan bersama klien tentang manfaat berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement</i> positif terhadap kemampuan mengungkapkan perasaan tentang keuntungan berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l41 level2 lfo21; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Kaji pengetahuan klien tentang kerugian bila tidak berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l41 level3 lfo21; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri kesempatan kepada klien untuk mengungkapkan perasaan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l41 level3 lfo21; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan bersama klien tentang kerugian tidak berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l41 level3 lfo21; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement</i> positif terhadap kemampuan mengungkapkan perasaan tentang kerugian tidak berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat melaksanakan hubungan sosial</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Mengeksplorasi perasaan klien terhadap perilaku menarik diri yang biasa dilakukan.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Untuk mengetahui perilaku menarik diria dilakukan dan dengan bantuan perawat bisa membedakan perilaku konstruktif dan destruktif.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo24; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Kaji kemampuan klien membina hubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo24; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dorong dan bantu kien untuk berhubungan dengan orang lain melalui tahap :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>K – P</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>K – P – P lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>K – P – P lain – K lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>K – Kel/ Klp/ Masy</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement</i> positif terhadap keberhasilan yang telah dicapai</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bantu klien untuk mengevaluasi manfaat berhubungan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan jadwal harian yang dilakukan bersama klien dalam mengisi waktu</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Motivasi klien untuk mengikuti kegiatan ruangan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement</i> positif atas kegiatan klien dalam kegiatan ruangan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat mengungkapkan perasaannya setelah berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 90.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -54.15pt;">Rasional : Dapat membantu klien dalam menemukan cara yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l24 level2 lfo28; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dorong klien untuk mengungkapkan perasaannya bila berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l24 level2 lfo28; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan dengan klien tentang perasaan manfaat berhubungan dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l24 level2 lfo28; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement </i>positif atas kemampuan klien mengungkapkan perasaan manfaat berhubungan dengan oranglain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">6. Klien dapat memberdayakan sistem pendukung atau keluarga</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 98.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -62.95pt;">Rasional : memberikan penanganan bantuan terapi melalui pengumpulan data yang lengkap dan akurat kondisi fisik dan non fisik pasien serta keadaan perilaku dan sikap keluarganya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo29; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bina hubungan saling percaya dengan keluarga :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>salam, perkenalan diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>jelaskan tujuan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>buat kontrak</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>eksplorasi perasaan klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo31; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan dengan anggota keluarga tentang :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>perilaku menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>penyebab perilaku menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>akibat yang terjadi jika perilaku menarik diri tidak ditanggapi</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>cara keluarga menghadapi klien menarik diri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l43 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dorong anggota keluarga untukmemberikan dukungan kepada klien untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l43 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Anjurkan anggota keluarga secara rutin dan bergantian menjenguk klien minimal satu kali seminggu</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l43 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri <i>reinforcement</i> positif positif atas hal-hal yang telah dicapai oleh keluarga</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 98.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -77.7pt;"><b><u>Diagnosa 2 </u>:</b> Isolasi sosial: menarik diri berhubungan dengan harga diri rendah.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 21.25pt;">Tujuan umum : </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 21.25pt;">Klien dapat berhubungan dengan orang lain secara optimal</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 18.15pt;">Tujuan khusus :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l18 level7 lfo34; tab-stops: list 3.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat membina hubungan saling percaya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 98.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -62.95pt;">Rasional : Hubungan saling percaya merupakan dasar untuk kelancaran hubungan interaksi selanjutnya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tindakan :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bina hubungan saling percaya dengan menggunakan prinsip komunikasi terapetutik</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>sapa klien dengan ramah baik verbal maupun non verbal</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Perkenalkan diri dengan sopan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Tanyakan nama lengkap klien dan nama panggilan yang disukai klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Jelaskan tujuan pertemuan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Jujur dan menepati janji</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Tunjukan sikap empati dan menerima klien apa adanya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri perhatian kepada klien dan perhatikan kebutuhan dasar klien.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat mengidentifikasi kemampuan dan aspek positif yang dimiliki</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional : </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Diskusikan tingkat kemampuan klien seperti menilai realitas, kontrol diri atau integritas <i>ego</i> diperlakukan sebagai dasar asuhan keperawatannya.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i>Reinforcement</i> positif akan meningkatkan harga diri klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pujian yang realistik tidak menyebabkan klien melakukan kegiatan hanya karena ingin mendapatkan pujian</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: 5.4pt;">2.1. Diskusikan kemampuan dan aspek positif yang dimiliki klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: 5.4pt;">2.1. Setiap bertemu klien hindarkan dari memberi penilaian negatif</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.6pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: 5.4pt;">2.1. Utamakan memberikan pujian yang realistik</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">3. Klien dapat menilai kemampuan yang digunakan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional : </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Keterbukaan dan pengertian tentang kemampuan yang dimiliki adalah prasyarat untuk berubah.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pengertian tentang kemampuan yang dimiliki diri memotivasi untuk tetap mempertahankan penggunaannya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan dengan klien kemampuan yang masih dapat digunakan selama sakit</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l21 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Diskusikan kemampuan yang dapat dilanjutkan penggunaannya.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">4. Klien dapat (menetapkan) merencanakan kegiatan sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional :</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Membentuk individu yang bertanggung jawab terhadap dirinya sendiri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Klien perlu bertindak secara realistis dalam kehidupannya. </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Contoh peran yang dilihat klien akan memotivasi klien untuk melaksanakan kegiatan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l20 level2 lfo41; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Rencanakan bersama klien aktivitas yang dapat dilakukan setiap hari sesuai kemampuan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kegiatan mandiri</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kegiatan dengan bantuan sebagian</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Kegiatan yang membutuhkan bantuan total</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo43; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Tingkatkan kegiatan sesuai dengan toleransi kondisi klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo43; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri contoh cara pelaksanaan kegiatan yang boleh klien lakukan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo43; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat melakukan kegiatan sesuai kondisi sakit dan kemampuannya</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional : </div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l48 level3 lfo44; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Memberikan kesempatan kepada klien mandiri dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan harga diri klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l48 level3 lfo44; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i>Reinforcement</i> positif dapat meningkatkan harga diri klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l48 level3 lfo44; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">§<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Memberikan kesempatan kepada klien ntk tetap melakukan kegiatan yang bisa dilakukan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l34 level2 lfo45; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri kesempatan pada klien untuk mencoba kegiatan yang telah direncanakan</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">5.2. Beri pujian atas keberhasilan klien</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 62.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; text-indent: -26.95pt;">5.3. Diskusikan kemungkinan pelaksanaan di rumah</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo46; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Klien dapat memanfaatkan sistem pendukung yang ada</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt;">Rasional:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Mendorong keluarga untuk mampu merawat klien mandiri di rumah</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i>Support</i> sistem keluarga akan sangat berpengaruh dalam mempercepat proses penyembuhan klien.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Meningkatkan peran serta keluarga dalam merawat klien di rumah.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">Tindakan:</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo48; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Beri pendidikan kesehatan pada keluarga tentang cara merawat klien dengan harga diri rendah</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo48; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bantu keluarga memberikan dukungan selama klien dirawat</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo48; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bantu keluarga menyiapkan lingkungan di ruma</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b>DAFTAR PUSTAKA</b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Azis R, dkk. <i>Pedoman asuhan keperawatan jiwa</i>. Semarang : RSJD Dr. Amino Gondoutomo. 2003</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Boyd MA, Hihart MA. <i>Psychiatric nursing : contemporary practice</i>. Philadelphia : Lipincott-Raven Publisher. 1998</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Budi Anna Keliat. <i>Asuhan Klien Gangguan Hubungan Sosial: Menarik Diri.</i> Jakarta : FIK UI. 1999</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Keliat BA. <i>Proses kesehatan jiwa</i>. Edisi 1. Jakarta : EGC. 1999</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ. <i>Buku saku keperawatan jiwa</i>. Edisi 3. Jakarta : EGC. 1998</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Tim Direktorat Keswa. <i>Standar asuhan keperawatan kesehatan jiwa</i>. Edisi 1. Bandung : RSJP Bandung. 2000</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-59213480608403270162012-02-15T20:58:00.000-08:002012-02-15T22:52:52.017-08:00Memahami Keluarga Berencana<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Keluarga berencana (KB) kini diidentifikasikan kembali dalam arti luas. Sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 1992 tentang Perkembangan Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga Sejahtera, gerakan KB melangkah lebih maju lagi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">KB dirumuskan sebagai upaya peningkatan kepedualian dan peran serta masyarakat melalui batas usia perkawinan, pengaturan kelahiran, pembinaan ketahanan keluarga, peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga untuk mewujudkan keluarga kecil bahagia dan sejahtera.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Para ulama yang membolehkan KB sepakat bahwa KB yang dibolehkan syariat adalah usaha pengaturan atau penjarangan kelahiran atau usaha pencegahan kehamilan sementara atas kesepakatan suami-istri karena situasi dan kondisi tertentu untuk kepentingan (maslahat) keluarga.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Dengan demikian KB di sini mempunyai arti sama dengan tanzim al nasl (pengaturan keturunan). Sejauh pengertiannya tanzim al nasl bukan tahdid al nasl (pembatasan keturunan) dalam arti pemandulan (taqim) dan aborsi (isqath al-haml wa al ijhadl) maka KB tidak dilarang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">KB dalam pengertian yang telah disebutkan tadi, sudah banyak difatwakan oleh individu ulama maupun lembaga-lembaga keislaman tingkat nasional dan internasional. Dengan demikian dapat dimpulkan bahwa kebolehan KB dengan pengertian atau batasan tersebut sudah hamper menjadi ijma ulama. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) juga telah mengeluarkan fatwa serupa dalam Munas Ulama tentang Kependudukan, Kesehatan dan Pembangunan pada 1983.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Meski secara teoritis telah banyak fatwa ulama yang membolehkan KB dalam arti tanzim al nasl tetapi tetap harus memperhatikan jenis dan cara kerja alat atau metode kontrasepsi ysng akan digunakan untuk ber-KB.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN">Persoalan kemudian yang muncul, bolehkah pasangan suami-istri membatasi atau mengatur jumlah keturunannya? Islam menganjurkan untuk memperbanyak keturnan dan mensyukuri setiap anak yang lahir laki-laki maupun perempuan. Namun di balik itu Islam juga memberi keringanan bahkan menyerukan kepada setiap muslim untuk mengatur keturunannya demi kualitas generasi berikutnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Allah berfirman, mengandungnya sampai menyapihnya adalah tiga puluh bulan. (QS:46, 15)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Menurut Imam al Qurtubi dalam kitab tafsirnya, jika hamilnya 6 bulan berarti menyusui 24 bulan; hamil 7 bulan menyusui 23 bulan; hamil 8 bulan menyusui 22 bulan; hamil 9 bulan menyusui 21 bulan. Dengan demikian andaikan jarak kehamilan kurang dari 30 bulan ada kemungkinan terkena risiko buruk, paling tidak kesehatan si ibu akan terganggu dan menjadi lemah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Prof Dr Hamka dalam tafsirnya Al-Azhar mengatakan, Bahkan banyak ibu yang subur melahirkan tahun ini melahirkan tahun depan; melahirkan yang satu lagi dan menyusukan pula sesudah itu, sehingga tahun ini beranak tahun depan menyusukan. Kian lama anak kian banyak dan badan pun kian lama kian lemah</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: right; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span lang="IN"> (http://www.bkkbn.go.id)</span></b></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Tujuan</span></b></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perjalanan yang tanpa tujuan. Begitu pula dengan penulisan makalah ini memiliki tujuan sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Memberikan wawasan luas umumnya tentang Keluarga Berencana (KB) dan khususnya mengenai Keluarga Berencana Alami (KBA).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Sebagai program keahlian mahasiswa dalam memahami sebuah metode dalam Keluarga Berencana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Menjunjung tinggi kreativitas dan intelektualitas mahasiswa akper dengan menorehkan kemampuannya dalam menyelesaikan sebuah masalah.</span></div><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></b></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Pengertian KB secara umum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam KB.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Pengertian KB Alami.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam KB alami.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Kontra indikasi KB alami.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Keuntungan dan kekurangan KBA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Komplikasi KBA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Kontrasepsi tradisional.</span></div><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Tinjauan Pustaka.</span></b></li>
</ol><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 150%;">Pengertian KB.</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span lang="IN">KB</span></b><span lang="IN"> adalah singkatan dari <b>Keluarga Berencana</b>. Menurut <i>Kamus Besar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a> (1997)</i>, maksud daripada ini adalah: "Gerakan untuk membentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">keluarga</span></a> yang sehat dan sejahtera dengan membatasi kelahiran." Dengan kata lain <b>KB</b> adalah perencanaan jumlah keluarga. Pembatasan bisa dilakukan dengan penggunaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat" title="Alat"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">alat</span></a>-alat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kontrasepsi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kontrasepsi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">kontrasepsi</span></a> atau penanggulangan kelahiran seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondom" title="Kondom"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">kondom</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spiral&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spiral (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">spiral</span></a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IUD&action=edit&redlink=1" title="IUD (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">IUD</span></a> dan sebagainya<b>.</b></span></div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: right; text-indent: .5in;"><b><span lang="IN">(http//;www.Wikipedia.com)</span></b><span lang="IN"> </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Upaya peningkatkan kepedulian masyarakat dalam mewujudkan keluarga kecil yang bahagia sejahtera (Undang-undang No. 10/1992).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Keluarga Berencana (<i>Family Planning, Planned Parenthood</i>) : suatu usaha untuk menjarangkan atau merencanakan jumlah dan jarak kehamilan dengan memakai kontrasepsi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">WHO (<i>Expert Committe</i>, 1970), tindakan yg membantu individu/ pasutri untuk: Mendapatkan objektif-obketif tertentu, menghindari kelahiran yang tidak diinginkan, mendapatkan kelahiran yang diinginkan, mengatur interval diantara kehamilan dan menentukan jumlah anak dalam keluarga<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.</b></span></div><div align="right" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: right; text-indent: .5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">(Lusa.2009. dalam http://www.lusa.web.id)</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Keluarga berencana adalah usaha untuk mengukur jumlah dan jarak anak yang diinginkan. Untuk dapat mencapai hal tersebut maka dibuatlah beberapa cara atau alternatif untuk mencegah ataupun menunda kehamilan. Cara-cara tersebut termasuk kontrasepsi atau pencegahan kehamilan dan perencanaan keluarga. Berdasarkan penelitian, terdapat 3.6 juta kehamilan tidak direncanakan setiap tahunnya di Amerika Serikat, separuh dari kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan ini terjadi karena pasangan tersebut tidak menggunakan alat pencegah kehamilan, dan setengahnya lagi menggunakan alat kontrasepsi tetapi tidak benar cara penggunaannya. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Metode kontrasepsi bekerja dengan dasar mencegah sperma laki-laki mencapai dan membuahi telur wanita (fertilisasi) atau mencegah telur yang sudah dibuahi untuk berimplantasi (melekat) dan berkembang di dalam rahim. Kontrasepsi dapat reversible (kembali) atau permanen (tetap). Kontrasepsi yang reversible adalah metode kontrasepsi yang dapat dihentikan setiap saat tanpa efek lama di dalam mengembalikan kesuburan atau kemampuan untuk punya anak lagi. Metode kontrasepsi permanen atau yang kita sebut sterilisasi adalah metode kontrasepsi yang tidak dapat mengembalikan kesuburan dikarenakan melibatkan tindakan operasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Metode kontrasepsi juga dapat digolongkan berdasarkan cara kerjanya yaitu metode barrier (penghalang), sebagai contoh, kondom yang menghalangi sperma; metode mekanik seperti IUD; atau metode hormonal seperti pil. Metode kontrasepsi alami tidak memakai alat-alat bantu maupun hormonal namun berdasarkan fisiologis seorang wanita dengan tujuan untuk mencegah fertilisasi (pembuahan).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan kontrasepsi adalah efektivitas, keamanan, frekuensi pemakaian dan efek samping, serta kemauan dan kemampuan untuk melakukan kontrasepsi secara teratur dan benar. Selain hal tersebut, pertimbangan kontrasepsi juga didasarkan atas biaya serta peran dari agama dan kultur budaya mengenai kontrasepsi tersebut. Faktor lainnya adalah frekuensi bersenggama, kemudahan untuk kembali hamil lagi, efek samping ke laktasi, dan efek dari kontrasepsi tersebut di masa depan. Sayangnya, tidak ada metode kontrasepsi, kecuali abstinensia (tidak berhubungan seksual), yang efektif mencegah kehamilan 100%.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Bermacam-macam metode kontrasepsi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kontrasepsi hormonal Kontrasepsi oral kombinasi Kontrasepsi oral progestin Kontrasepsi suntikan progestin Kontrasepsi suntikan estrogen-progesteron Implant progestin Kontrasepsi Patch</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kontrasepsi barrier (penghalang)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kondom (pria dan wanita)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Diafragma dan cervical cap </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Spermisida </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">IUD (spiral) </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Perencanaan keluarga alami </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Penarikan penis sebelum terjadinya ejakulasi </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Metode amenorea menyusui </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kontrasepsi darurat</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kontrasepsi darurat hormonal</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Kontrasepsi darurat IUD </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">9.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Sterilisasi</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Vasektomi</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">Ligasi tuba</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Tujuan Program KB</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tujuan umum adalah membentuk keluarga kecil sesuai dengan kekutan sosial ekonomi suatu keluarga dengan cara pengaturan kelahiran anak, agar diperoleh suatu keluarga bahagia dan sejahtera yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Tujuan lain meliputi pengaturan kelahiran, pendewasaan usia perkawinan, peningkatan ketahanan dan kesejahteraan keluarga.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kesimpulan dari tujuan program KB adalah: Memperbaiki kesehatan dan kesejahteraan ibu, anak, keluarga dan bangsa; Mengurangi angka kelahiran untuk menaikkan taraf hidup rakyat dan bangsa; Memenuhi permintaan masyarakat akan pelayanan KB dan KR yang berkualitas, termasuk upaya-upaya menurunkan angka kematian ibu, bayi, dan anak serta penanggulangan masalah kesehatan reproduksi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Tujuan KB berdasar RENSTRA 2005-2009 meliputi:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga dengan anak ideal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga sehat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga berpendidikan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga sejahtera</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga berketahanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keluarga yang terpenuhi hak-hak reproduksinya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penduduk tumbuh seimbang (PTS)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Sasaran Program KB</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Sasaran program KB tertuang dalam RPJMN 2004-2009 yang meliputi:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurunnya rata-rata laju pertumbuhan penduduk menjadi sekitar 1,14 persen per tahun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurunnya angka kelahiran total (TFR) menjadi sekitar 2,2 per perempuan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menurunnya PUS yang tidak ingin punya anak lagi dan ingin menjarangkan kelahiran berikutnya, tetapi tidak memakai alat/cara kontrasepsi (<i>unmet need) </i>menjadi<i> </i>6 persen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya pesertaKB laki-laki menjadi 4,5persen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya penggunaan metode kontrasepsi yang rasional, efektif, dan efisien.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya rata-rata usia perkawinan pertama perempuan menjadi 21 tahun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya partisipasi keluarga dalam pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">h.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya jumlah keluarga prasejahtera dan keluarga sejahtera-1 yang aktif dalam usaha ekonomi produktif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">i.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meningkatnya jumlah institusi masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan Program KB Nasional.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Ruang Lingkup KB</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Ruang lingkup KB antara lain: Keluarga berencana; Kesehatan reproduksi remaja; Ketahanan dan pemberdayaan keluarga; Penguatan pelembagaan keluarga kecil berkualitas; Keserasian kebijakan kependudukan; Pengelolaan SDM aparatur; Penyelenggaran pimpinan kenegaraan dan kepemerintahan; Peningkatan pengawasan dan akuntabilitas aparatur negara.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Strategi Program KB</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Strategi program KB terbagi dalam dua hal yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Strategi dasar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Strategi operasional</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></i></b><i><b><span lang="IN">Strategi dasar</span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Meneguhkan kembali program di daerah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Menjamin kesinambungan program</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></i></b><i><b><span lang="IN">Strategi operasional</span></b></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peningkatan kapasitas sistem pelayanan Program KB Nasional</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peningkatan kualitas dan prioritas program</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Penggalangan dan pemantapan komitmen</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dukungan regulasi dan kebijakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemantauan, evaluasi, dan akuntabilitas pelayanan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Dampak Program KB</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Program keluarga berencana memberikan dampak, yaitu penurunan angka kematian ibu dan anak; Penanggulangan masalah kesehatan reproduksi; Peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga; Peningkatan derajat kesehatan; Peningkatan mutu dan layanan KB-KR; Peningkatan sistem pengelolaan dan kapasitas SDM; Pelaksanaan tugas pimpinan dan fungsi manajemen dalam penyelenggaraan kenegaraan dan pemerintahan berjalan lancar.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-34237235050641701732012-02-15T20:53:00.000-08:002012-02-15T22:53:06.563-08:00MACAM-MACAM KB / Keluarga Berencana ALAMI<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN">Metode Kalender (Ogino-Knaus)</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Penelitian yang dilakukan pada tahun 1930-an telah membuahkan metode terkini keluarga berencana alami, yakni metode “ritmik”, yang dikenal sebagai metode kalender. Metode tersebut berdasarkan temuan bahwa ovulasi terjadi pada suatu hari tertentu, kurang lebih 14 hari sebelum periode menstruasi. Berdasarkan temuan ini, masa subur seorang wanita dapat ditentukan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Kyusaku Ogino (Jepang) : ovulasi umumnya terjadi pada hari ke 15 sebelum haid berikutnya, tetapi dapat pula terjadi 12-16 hari sebelum haid yang akan datang.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Herman Knaus (Austria) : ovulasi selalu terjadi pada hari ke 15 sebelum haid yang akan datang.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Problem terbesar dengan metode kalender adalah bahwa jarang ada wanita yang mempunyai siklus haid teratur setiap 28 hari. Metode ini banyak keterbatasan karena panjang siklus menstruasi. Oleh karena siklus menstruasi yang cukup teratur sangat diperlukan untuk perkiraan waktu ovulasi yang dapat diandalkan, wanita dengan kondisi berikut tidak dapat bergantung pada metode kalender. Wanita yang memiliki siklus menstruasi lebih pendek dari 25 hari, wanita yang siklus menstruasinya tidak teratur, wanita yang memiliki variasi waktu 8 hari atau lebih, wanita yang berada pada masa nifas, wanita yang sedang menyusui dan wanita yang berada pada masa perimenopause.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Metode kalender kanya dapat memprediksi kapan masa subur seorang wanita dalam siklus menstruasinya sehingga kemungkinan besar bisa hamil. Perkiraan ini didasarkan pada waktu ovulasi seperti yang ditetapkan berdasarkan perhitungan kalender, yang dibuat dari riwayat menstruasi selama 8 sampai 12 siklus menstruasi. Individu wanita harus tetap mencatat siklus menstruasinya untuk mengidentifikasi siklus terlama dan siklus terpendek sehingga semua kemungkinan hari-hari subur dapat ditentukan. Perhitungan yang digunakan saat ini memiliki faktor variasi ± 2 hari di sekitar 14 hari sebelum masa menstruasi berikutnya, dua sampai tiga hari bagi sperma untuk dapat bertahan hidup sehingga jumlah keseluruhan untuk bertahan hidup adalah 9 hari, sedangkan ovum hidup selama 24 jam.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Wanita dapat mengurangi 18 hari dari panjang siklus terpendeknya untuk menentukan masa subur yang pertama dan 11 hari dari lama siklus menstruasi terpanjang untuk menentukan masa suburnya yang terakhir. Pasangan kemudian tidak melakukan hubungan seksual selama masa subur yang telah diperkirakan guna mencegah konsepsi. Dalam menentukan masa subur maka diperlukan catatan siklus haid 8 bulan atau lebih.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Metode Suhu Basal Badan (Thermal)</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Ibu dapat mengenali masa subur ibu dengan mengukur suhu badan secara teliti dengan thermometer khusus yang bisa mencatat perubahan suhu sampai 0°C untuk mendeteksi, bahkan suatu perubahan kecil suhu tubuh.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Peninggian suhu basal badan sebanyak 0,2-0,5 °C pada waktu ovulasi, peninggian suhu basal badan mulai 1-2 hari setelah ovulasi, dan disebabkan oleh peninggian kadar hormon progesterone yang dihasilkan korpus luteum.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN">Masa subur sejak ovulasi sampai fase pascaovulasi selama siklus menstruasi dapat ditentukan dengan memperkirakan bahwa masa subur terus berlanjut sampai terdapat peningkatan yang tetap atau keadaan suhu yang tetap selama 3 hari atau setelah 5 hari peningkatan yang progresif. Hari-hari tidak subur mulai muncul dan berlanjut sampai terjadinya menstruasi. Metode suhu basal itu sendiri hanya berfungsi untuk menentukan kapan ovulasi terjadi dan mengidentifikasi hari-hari subur setelah ovulasi. Metode ini tidak dapat memperkirakan waktu terjadinya ovulasi atau menentukan hari-hari subur setelah ovulasi dan hari-hari tidak subur setelah ovulasi. <span class="fullpost">Pencatatan suhu dilakukan setiap hari pada sebuah tabel/kertas grafik</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Contohnya grafiknya seperti ini :</span></span></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.acog.org/images/bp024c.gif"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="190" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/aqwa/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="530" /></span></a></span></div><div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN">Contoh grafik suhu basal tubuh</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Teknik Metode Suhu Basal Badan:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Umumnya digunakan thermometer khusus dengan kalibrasi yang diperbesar (basal thermometer).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Waktu pengukuran harus pada saat yang sama setiap pagi dan setelah tidur nyenyak sekiranya 3-5 jam serta masih dalam keadaan istirahat mutlak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pengukuran dilakukan secara: Oral (3 menit), Rektal (1 menit), ini cara terbaik Vaginal</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi suhu basal badan:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Influensa atau infeksi traktus respiratorius lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Infeksi/penyakit lain yang meninggikan suhu badan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Inflamasi lokal lidah, mulut atau daerah anus.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Faktor-faktor situasional seperti mimpi buruk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Jam tidur ireguler.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemakaian minuman panas atau dingin sebelum pengambilan suhu basal badan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pemakaian selimut elektris.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">8)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kegagalan membaca thermometer dengan tepat.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Macam-macam Peninggian Suhu Basal Badan:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peninggian suhu yang mendadak (abrupt).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peninggian suhu yang perlahan-lahan (gradual).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peninggian suhu yang bertingkat, umumnya didahului penurunan suhu yang cukup tajam.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peninggian suhu seperti “gigi gergaji”.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Metode Lendir Serviks ( Metode Ovulasi Billings, MOB)</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Metode ovulasi didasarkan pada pengenalan terhadap perubahan lendir serviks selama siklus menstruasi, yang menggambarkan masa subur dalam siklus dan waktu fertilitas maksimal dalam masa subur.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Perubahan lendir serviks selama sikllus menstruasi merupakan akibat pengaruh estrogen. Saat kedua ovarium berada dalam keadaan diam, akan terlihat jumlah estrogen dan progesteron menurun, hasilnya adalah ketiadaan sensasi atau lendir pada vulva.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Pada metode MOB, mengenali masa subur dengan memantau lendir serviks yang keluar dari vagina, pengamatan sepanjang hari dan ambil kesimpulan pada malam hari. Periksa lendir dengan jari tangan atau tisu di luar vagina dan perhatikan perubahan perasaan kering-basah. Tidak dianjurkan untuk periksa ke dalam vagina.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Untuk menggunakan metode MOB ini, seorang wanita harus belajar mengenali pola kesuburan dan pola dasar ke tidaksuburannya. Untuk menghindari kekeliruan dan untuk menjamin keberhasilan pada awal masa belajar, pasangan diminta secara penuh tidak bersenggama pada satu siklus haid, untuk mengenali pola kesuburan dan pola ketidaksuburan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Pola kesuburan adalah pola yang terus berubah, dan pula dasar ketidaksuburan adalah pola yang sama sekali tidak berubah dari hari ke hari. Kedua pola ini mengikuti kegiatan hormon-hormon (khususnya estrogen dan progesteron) yang mengontrol daya tahan hidup sperma dan pembuahan. Oleh karena itu, dapat memberi informasi yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendapatkan atau menunda kehamilan. Suatu catatan yang sederhana dan tepat adalah kunci untuk keberhasilan. Suatu rangkaian kode digunakan untuk melengkapi catatan. Kode ini harus cocok dengan budaya lokal dan dapat digunakan oleh pengguna KBA secara luas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pendefinisian kode penggunaan metode lendir serviks</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hari-hari kering: setelah darah haid bersih, kebanyakan ibu mempunyai 1 sampai beberapa hari tidak terlihat adanya lendir dan daerah vagina terasa kering, ini dinamakan hari-hari kering.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hari-hari subur: ketika terobsesi adanya lendir sebelum ovulasi, ibu dianggap subur, ketika terlihat adanya lendir, walaupun jenis lendir yang kental dan lengket. Lendir subur yang basah dan licin mungkin sudah ada di serviks dan hari subur dimulai.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Hari puncak: adalah hari terakhir adanya lendir licin, mulur dan ada perasaan basah.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peranan Lendir Serviks.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Lendir serviks yang diatur oleh hormon estrogen dan progesteron ikut berperan dalam reproduksi. Pada setiap siklus haid diproduksi 2 macam lendir serviks oleh sel-sel serviks, yaitu:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Lendir type E (Estrogenik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span lang="IN">a)</span><span lang="IN">Di produksi pada fase akhir pra ovulasi dan fase ovulasi</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sifat-sifat:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Banyak, tipis, seperti air (jernih) dan viskositas rendah Spinnbarkeit (elastisitas) besar. Spinnbarkeit= sampai seberapa jauh lendir dapat dapat diregangkan sebelum putus.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Bila dikeringkan terjadi bentuk seperti daun pakis (fernlike pattern, ferning, arborization). Spermatozoa dapat “menembus” lendir ini.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Lendir type G (Gestagenik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Diproduksi oleh fase awal pra ovulasi dan setelah ovulasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Sifat-sifat:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Kental</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Viskositas tinggi</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Keruh (opaque)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Dibuat karena peninggian kadar progesteron</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Spermatozoa tidak dapat menembus lendir ini.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Metode Symto-Termal</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Metode symto-termal menggunakan semua tanda dan gejala sejak munculnya ovulasi. Dengan demikian, metode ini dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan lendir dan perubahan suhu basal tubuh dan menambahkan indikator ovulasi yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Ibu harus mendapat instruksi untuk metode lendir serviks dan suhu basal. Ibu dapat menentukan masa subur ibu dengan mengamati suhu tubuh dan lendir serviks.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Tanda dan gejala menjelang ovulasi diantaranya:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Mittelschmersz. Nyeri dipertengahan siklus memunculkan sejumlah tanda dan gejala, seperti: </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri yang terasa di pinggir tengah abdomen bawah dan diakibatkan folikel yang ruptur.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Bercak darah atau perdarahan yang banyak</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri bagian bawah atau nyeri yang menyebar.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l5 level4 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Nyeri tekan menyeluruh pada abdomen tengah bagian bawah dan area pelvik.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Peningkatan hasrat seksual (libido).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perubahan suasana hati.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Gambaran pakis lendir serviks.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perubahan serviks.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Payudara yang menegang dan nyeri ketika di tekan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Cara lain untuk menentukan waktu ovulasi adalah biopsi endometrium, pemeriksaan hormon dalam urin atau darah, dan ultrasonografi ovarium.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Kontra Indikasi KBA</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Umumnya merupakan kontraindikasi relatif, yaitu:</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Sikluls haid yang tidak teratur.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Riwayat siklus haid yang an-ovulatori.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Kurve suhu badan yang tidak teratur.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Komplikasi KBA</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN">Komplikasi dari KB Alami umumnya tidak ada, namun sesuai dengan tujuan dari program KB yaitu menanggulangi terjadinya kehamilan jadi Persoalan yang timbul adalah bila terjadi kegagalan/kehamilan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Keuntungan Non-Kontraseptif KBA.</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Meningkatkan keterlibatan suami dalam KB.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Menambah pengetahuan tentang sistem reproduksi oleh pasutri.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Memungkinkan mengeratkan relasi/hubungan melalui peningkatan komunikasi antar pasutri.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Keuntungan Kontrasepsi KBA</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Dapat digunakan untuk menghindari atau mencapai kehamilan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Tidak ada resiko kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan kontrasepsi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Tidak ada efek samping sistemik.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Murah atau tanpa biaya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">F.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Keterbatasan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Keefektifan tergantung dari kemauan dan disiplin pasangan untuk mengikuti instruksi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Perlu ada pelatihan sebagai persyaratan untuk menggunakan KBA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Dibutuhkan pelatih/guru.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">G.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Yang dapat Menggunakan KBA</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Semua perempuan selama reproduksi</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perempuan gemuk/kurus</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perempuan yang merokok</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perempuan dengan alasan kesehatan tertentu</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Pasangan yang dari segi umur dan paritas</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perempuan sebelum mendapatkan haid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN">Perempuan yang tidak suka menyentuh daerah genitalnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18616694/MACAMKBALAMI.docx.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmb49k7srDJDfBcPkwfpz5u4ekbmui-LwiXc8LewF8TfSuDRvhA-oJIXm_wzpmc7wP1yHr2U96Qjzoo50w5ij67s0dUAc57XGtIGq4GoDFrWlnOa7xk5ok1K03qtRAdA6giUZk8qCHW8pt/h120/download+askep.gif" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00359576616589896862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3542258063001126366.post-87489573508838318812012-02-15T20:40:00.000-08:002012-02-15T22:54:04.134-08:00Metode KB / Keluarga Berencana Alami Dengan Senggama Terputus (coitus interruptus)<div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN">Senggama terputus adalah metode keluarga berencana tradisional, dimana pria mengeluarkan alat kelaminnya (penis) dari vagina sebelum pria mencapai ejakulasi sehingga sperma tidak masuk ke dalam vagina dan kehamilan dapat dicegah.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Keuntungan.</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Efektif bila digunakan dengan benar.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Tidak mengganggu produksi ASI.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Dapat digunakan sebagai pendukung metode KB lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Tidak ada efek sampingnya</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Dapat digunakan setiap waktu</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Tidak membutuhkan biaya</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">g.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Meningkatkan keterlibatan suami istri dalam KB</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">h.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Untuk pasangan memungkinkan hubungan lebih dekat dan pengertian yang sangat dalam.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Keterbatasan.</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">efektifitas bergantung pada kesediaan pasangan untuk melakukan senggama terputus setiap melaksanakannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">efektivitas jauh menurun apabila sperma dalam 24 jam sejak ejakulasi masih melekat pada penis</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Memutus kenikmatan dalam hubungan seksual.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN"></span></b><br />
<a name='more'></a><b><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN">Kontra Indikasi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Ejakulasi prematur pada pria.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Suami yang sulit untuk melakukan senggama terputus.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Suami yang memiliki kelainan fisik atau psikologis.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Ibu yang mempunyai pasangan yang sulit kerjasama.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Pasangan yang kurang dapat saling berkomunikasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN">f.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN">Pasangan yang tidak bersedia melakukan senggama terputus. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
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